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This study was carried out to identify pathogenic bacteria and fungi on mistletoe (Viscum album L.) and investigate their potential use in biological control of this parasitic plant. For this purpose, a total of 48 fungal isolate and 193 bacterial strains were isolated from contaminated V. album during the summers [2005][2006]. The isolated bacterial strains and fungal isolates were identified by using the Sherlock Microbial Identification System (MIS; Microbial ID, Newark) and microscopic methods, respectively. The bacterial strains that induced hypersensitive reaction (HR) on tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) and fungal isolates were tested for pathogenicity on young shoots of mistletoe by using injection methods. The pathogenic bacterial strains and fungal isolates were also tested for their activity against mistletoe using spray methods. Five bacterial strains (two Burkholderia cepacia, one each of Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus pumilus and Pandoraea pulminicola) were HR and pathogenicity positive when injected but none of them when sprayed on mistletoe. When fungi were injected, 32 isolates were pathogenic but only thirteen when sprayed on mistletoe. Alternaria alternata VAS¸-202, VAS¸-205, VAS¸-217 and Acremonium kiliense VA-11 fungal isolates were the most effective ones and caused strong disease symptoms on mistletoe. The present study is the first report on the efficiency of potential biocontrol agents against mistletoe in Turkey.

Use of biotechnological approaches and processes to increase of soil fertility and productivity, allow to be made sustainable agriculture with less use of chemical fertilizers. So, the aim of this study was to understand the biochemical mechanisms of action of the 10 different plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) species (Bacillus megaterium (M3), Pantoea agglomerans (RK-92), Bacillus megaterium (Tv-17C), Bacillus megaterium (Tv-3D), Bacillus megaterium (Tv-87A), Hafnia alvei (Tv-34A), Bacillus megaterium (Tv-60D), Pseudomonas fluorescens (FDG-37), Bacillus megaterium (KBA-10) and Bacillus megaterium (Tv-91C) on their host plant. Results of this study show that the maximum amino acids etc., aspartate, asparagine, glutamine, proline, organic acid etc., malonic acid, oxalic acid and hormone etc., indol-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA) and salicylic acid (SA) super oxygen dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) enzyme activity, alkaline phosphatase (ALPA) and acid phosphatase enzyme activity (APA), nutrient concentration of Ca, K, Mg, Na, P, S, N, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, B and Al were determined in B. megaterium M3, respectively. The highest cysteine, valin, methionine, tryptophan, isoleucine, leucine butyric acid, maleic acid, were determined from B. megaterium (Tv-17C); the highest urease (UEA) and dehydrogenase (DEA), enzymatic activities were found in Pantoea agglomerans (RK-92) but CAT enzyme activity was detected in Pseudomonas fluorescens . The data suggested that B. megaterium M3, B. megaterium (Tv-17C) and Pantoea agglomerans (RK-92) strains tested have the potential to be used as an organic fertilizer source for plant growth in sustainable and organic farming.

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