Continual improvement is foundational theory in quality management. It is also foundational practice at the Project Management Institute, as shown by the publication of A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK ® Guide)-Fifth Edition. Much will be familiar to those conversant with past editions. But new elements are woven into the text, and it is a better standard for the changes.As in the past, the text includes a helpful Appendix, which describes the changes in the current edition and the rationale behind them. This makes clear the overarching goals of consistency and continuity. This new edition is a result of deliberate plans and actions, not simply the new ideas of a new writing team.

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A nyone can manage a successful project. All you have to do is apply a set of known tools that are universally applicable in any domain. Or so says a couple of current myths about project management. J. Rodney Turner and Ralf Müller see things a bit differently. In their view, people-in particular, project managers-make a difference. To determine the characteristics and value of that difference, they conducted a PMI-sponsored research project and report the results in Choosing Appropriate Project Managers: Matching Their Leadership Style to the Type of Project. Project managers, despite current myths, are not a one-sizefits-all commodity. Over time, successful organizations have developed a means for selecting project managers who are likely to lead projects to successful conclusions. The authors' research is an effort to study the matter in a scientific, disciplined way that will give substance to means that are mostly anecdotal. The research includes typical components: a literature search, a research model, personal interviews, and questionnaires. It addresses two questions. Does project manager competence, including leadership style, influence project success? And, are different competence profiles, including different leadership styles, appropriate for different types of projects?

We demonstrate the selective and controllable undercut etching of the InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well active regions of nonpolar and semipolar laser diode (LD) structures by photoelectrochemical (PEC) etching without external bias. The lateral etch rate ranged from >20 nm/min to >1.2 µm/min. Metal masks were used to define the undercut and to improve the PEC etch resolution by reducing the scattered light in the system, which contributes to degradation of the lateral etch resolution, as suggested by ray tracing simulations. This resulted in a light-exposed-area: masked-area etch selectivity of 13 : 1.

Most of the volume reduction in an 11-day course of compression bandaging for severe cancer-related arm lymphoedema appeared to occur in the first few days. This study therefore compared the volume loss during days 1-4 with 5-11. Fifteen consecutive courses of bandaging were studied. Arm volume was estimated on days 1, 5 and 11. The volume reduction during days 1-4 was compared with days 5-11 using the Wilcoxan Ranked Pairs Test. Seventy nine per cent of the total median volume reduction occurred during days 1-4. The difference between the two periods was highly significant (p < 0.001). The duration of compression bandaging has therefore been reduced to 4 days for severe cancer-related arm lymphoedema in this clinic.