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In brief: This case report describes a 32-year-old bodybuilder who sustained an ischemic cerebrovascular accident and showed signs of cardiomyopathy. No cause was found for either condition, but he had been using steroids for 16 years. Questions remain about the association between the two conditions and steroid use, and the full effects of long-term, high-dose steroid use have yet to be elucidated. As steroid use becomes more popular among athletes, the medical community must be alert to the possible adverse effects of these substances.

Classification is intended to provide fair competition for athletes. Each disability group has developed different methods and techniques of classification to ensure fair competition. However, the 1992 Paralympics will use integrated classification for swimmers from the International Sports Organization for the Disabled (ISOD), the International Stoke Mandeville Wheelchair Sports Federation (ISMWSF), and the Cerebral Palsy International Sports and Recreation Association (CP-ISRA). The integrated swimming classification is said to be based on the research of Counsilman. The developers of the integrated swimming classification system have assigned point values for body parts involved in swimming propulsion. Counsilman (1977) refutes the assignment of points to swimming propulsion since it is unscientific and based on subjective evaluation. Further, the integrated swimming classification has yet to undergo extensive field testing to determine its reliability and validity. Additionally there are physiological, sports technical, and statistical problems with the integrated system.

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