The authors focus on the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D printer because the FDM 3D printer can print the utility resin material. It can print with low cost and therefore it is the most suitable for home 3D printer. The FDM 3D printer has the problem that it produces layer grooves on the surface of the 3D printed structure. Therefore the authors developed the 3D-Chemical Melting Finishing (3D-CMF) for removing layer grooves. In this method, a pen-style device is filled with a chemical able to dissolve the materials used for building 3D printed structures. By controlling the behavior of this pen-style device, the convex parts of layer grooves on the surface of the 3D printed structure are dissolved, which, in turn, fills the concave parts. In this study it proves the superiority of the 3D-CMF than conventional processing for the 3D printed structure. It proves utilizing the evaluation of the safety, selectively and stability. It confirms the improving of the 3D-CMF and it is confirmed utilizing the data of the surface roughness precision and the observation of the internal state and the evaluation of the mechanical characteristics.

Paper-based sensors and assays have evolved rapidly due to the conversion of paper-based microfluidics, functional paper coatings, as well as new electrical and optical readout techniques. Nanomaterials have gained substantial traction as key components in paper-based sensors, as they can be coated or printed relatively easily on paper to locally control the device functionality. Here we report a new combination of methods to fabricate carbon nanotube based (CNT) electrodes for paperbased electrochemical sensors using a combination of laser cutting, drop-casting and origami. We applied this process to a range of filter papers with different porosities, and used their differences in three-dimensional cellulose networks to study the influence of the cellulose scaffold on the final CNT network and the resulting electrochemical detection of glucose. We found that an optimal porosity exists which balances the benefits of surface enhancement and electrical connectivity within the cellulose scaffold of the paper-based device and demonstrate a cost-effective process for fabrication of device arrays.

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The objective of this study was to create a food printer with sufficient accuracy to grant the product artistry. To achieve this goal, a 3D printing method attracted our attention as such techniques are already used in various fields to create artistic products with complicated shapes. An accuracy of 70 μm is required to accomplish this goal due to the resolution of human eyesight. Therefore, the electrostatic printing method, which is known for printing high‐viscosity materials with high precision, was utilized for the 3D printing method. To improve the printing accuracy, the nozzle structure of the printer was modified using an ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) resin microfiber, as this material can be easily processed, is nontoxic, and does not interfere with the electric field. Practical applications The goal of this study was to create a high‐precision food printing device that can print food materials with various viscosities at a sufficient precision relative to the resolution of human eyesight to meet the user's expectations. Humans evaluate food materials by means of taste, appearance, and odor. We have focused on the appearance of the food material, which we can control with high‐precision printing. Humans with 20/16.7 eyesight can recognize 70 μm at a distance of 30 cm. Therefore, the goal precision of this study is defined as 70 μm. Achieving this precision would enable the food printer to accurately control the appearance of the structure of the printed food product.

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