No abstract

Background: Asians tend to have foreshortened noses with more increased nostril show. In recent years, the nasal septal cartilage has been widely used in caudal septal advancement and nasal tip projection in East Asian. However, a relatively small quantity of less firm nasal cartilage was observed in East Asians compared with Caucasians and very few articles have been found dealing with septal cartilage anatomy of Chinese. Objective: The length, height, area, and thickness of nasal septal cartilage in 10 eastern Chinese were studied to provide anatomic data for the septorhinoplasty or harvesting of cartilage graft. Methods: The septal cartilages in 10 adult cadavers were anatomized and measured for their length, height, area, and thickness. Results: The average length and height of septal cartilage were respectively 2.83±0.47 cm and 2.41±0.39 cm. The average area was 4.94±1.26 cm^2. The average thickness is 0.97±0.15 mm, with the greatest thickness in region b 1.14±0.26 mm, the least thickness in region e (0.83±0.22) mm and region a (0.81±0.27) mm. Conclusion: The findings of this study reinforce the principle of key differences existing in the anatomic data of the septal cartilage between Asians and Caucasians.

Rod-like particles have attracted increasing attention because of their unique shape-dependent properties, which enable their superior performance compared to their isotropic counterparts. Thus, rod-like particles have potential applications in many fields, especially in biomedicine. However, the fabrication of uniform rod-like particles is challenging because of the principle of interfacial energy minimization. Herein, we present a facile, rapid, and cost-effective strategy for preparing starch-based microrods with tunable aspect ratios via shear-assisted antisolvent-induced nanoprecipitation and solidification. The preformed spherical particles swollen by the mixed solvent were elongated by the shear force and solidified in rod-like shape by antisolvent induction. The resulting starch-based microrods can encapsulate hydrophobic active substances and be modified with functional groups, indicating their potential applications as drug carriers and biologically active materials. The formation mechanism of the starch-based microrods discovered in this study provides a new perspective on the fabrication of rod-like polymer particles.

BackgroundThe CpG island methylator phenotype(CIMP)with extensive promoter methylation isa distinct epigenotype incolorectal cancer (CRC). Changes in microbiota and epigenetic dysregulation mightbe the key underlying mechanism.MethodsTissueswith stages I–III cancerwere collected afterproctocolectomy. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing was carried to determine the differences in microbiota.Subsequently,BRAF mutation,the statusof microsatellite instability (MSI, also known as mismatch repair deficiency) and CIMP were also tested. The Chi-square test was carriedoutto analyze the relationship between molecular changes (MSI and CIMP) and the development of CRC.ResultsPatients in the three groups differed in thetumorlocation(P=0.034) and the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level (P=0.036).The positive CIMP and MSI-LOW/MSS were more common in the worse prognosis groups.The Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional regression analyses indicated that CIMP and MSI were the independent indicators of poor survival since the positive rates of which were significantly higher in the non-survival group. Besides, there were differences in microbiota among tumor tissues of different prognoses, with the Fusobacterium nucleatum and Bacteroides fragilis more abundant in the worse prognosis groups.ConclusionThe persistent epigenetic changes influence the prognosis of patients with CRC and the composition of the gut microbiota might be the cause.

Background: The CpG island methylator phenotype(CIMP)with extensive promoter methylation isa distinct epigenotype incolorectal cancer (CRC). Changes in microbiota and epigenetic dysregulation might be the key underlying mechanism.Methods: Tissues with stages I–III cancer were collected after proctocolectomy. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing was carried to determine the differences in microbiota. Subsequently, BRAF mutation, the status of microsatellite instability (MSI, also known as mismatch repair deficiency) and CIMP were also tested. The Chi-square test was carried out to analyze the relationship between molecular changes (MSI and CIMP) and the development of CRC.Results: Patients in the three groups differed in thetumorlocation(P=0.034) and the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level (P=0.036).The positive CIMP and MSI-LOW/MSS were more common in the worse prognosis groups. The Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional regression analyses indicated that CIMP and MSI were the independent indicators of poor survival since the positive rates of which were significantly higher in the non-survival group. Besides, there were differences in microbiota among tumor tissues of different prognoses, with the Fusobacterium nucleatum and Bacteroides fragilis more abundant in the worse prognosis groups.Conclusion: The persistent epigenetic changes influence the prognosis of patients with CRC and the composition of the gut microbiota might be the cause.