efficiency (CE) and cycling performance. [2] In addition, the lithium polysulfides dissolution and Li dendrite growth also require a large amount excess electrolyte to achieve high performance, thus reducing the energy density. Extensive efforts have been devoted to suppress "shuttle" of lithium polysulfide. Among them, encapsulating sulfur cathode into porous host materials including porous carbon, [3] metal oxide/chalcogenide, [4] and conductive polymers [5] are the most effective method for suppressing "shuttle" effect. On the Li anode side, nanostructure design [6] or surface modification [7] has been also developed to suppress the dendritic Li growth.Different from separately nanostructured design of the electrodes, rational design and optimization of electrolytes are more effective, [8] which simultaneously suppress both lithium polysulfide shuttle and Li dendrite. [9] Recently, highly concentrated electrolyte (HCE) systems with unique solvation structure and functionality have been successfully developed for high performance Li-S batteries. For example, Suo et al. showed a new class of ultrahigh salt concentration electrolyte, which can effectively suppress the lithium dendrite growth and inhibit the polysulfide shuttle phenomenon in Li-S batteries. [2c] Qian et al. reported that the high-concentration electrolytes enabled the high-rate cycling of lithium metal with a high CE up to 99.1% without dendrite growth. [2a] These significant performance improvements were contributed to the strong restraining property for the solvents from the high-concentrated salts in electrolyte that efficiently control the reaction dynamics and Li 2 S n solubility synchronously. These exciting breakthroughs demonstrated that such unique HCE systems can offer new possibilities to address the shuttle effect and dendritic Li growth efficiently and simultaneously.Nevertheless, the usage of a large amount of expensive lithium salt in the HCE systems also lead to several disadvantages, including high cost, poor wettability, high viscosity, and low ionic conductivity. [10] To address these issues without scarifying the unique characteristics of HCE, a new kind of localized high-concentration electrolyte (LHCE) was proposed by using a rational cosolvent dilution in HCE system. The choice of the cosolvent in LHCE is critical for the performance of Li-S batteries. In Li-S battery electrolytes, ether-based solvents with high donor number were usually employed, which can effectively dissociate the Li + from anion and dissolve Li salts. However, the strong donating ability of such solvents can also facilitate the dissolution of long-chain polysulfide and amplify Rechargeable Li-S batteries are regarded as one of the most promising next-generation energy-storage systems. However, the inevitable formation of Li dendrites and the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides significantly weakens electrochemical performance, preventing its practical application. Herein, a new class of localized high-concentration electrolyte (LHCE) enabled ...

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Capsules with an aqueous core and a wax shell perfectly encapsulate their contents at room temperature, while the contents are released above the melting temperature of the wax.