Objective: Deliberate self-poisoning is a serious global issue that contributes to significant morbidity and mortality all over the world. The present study was conducted with an objective to identify the common agents used for self-poisoning prevalent in South Odisha and to determine the common clinical features and outcome of such cases. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 200 patients with deliberate self-poisoning belonging to the age group of 15–70 years over a period of 2 years from August 2017 to September 2019 in Maharaja Krishna Chandra Gajapati Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur, Odisha, India. All the above-mentioned patients admitted to the hospital, were treated with specific antidotes according to the poison ingested. Results were analyzed using appropriate standard statistical methods such as mean, standard deviation, and percentage. Results: Out of 200 patients, majority were female (65%, n=130) and 35% (n=70) were male; mean age was 38.9 (±16.8) years. Organophosphates, aluminum phosphide, glyphosate, organochlorines, and carbamates were the most common pesticides used as poisoning agents (74.5%, n=149) followed by plant poisons (7%, n=14) which included yellow oleander seed. Overall mortality in our study was 12.5%. Conclusion: Pesticides and plant poisons were the common agents used in our study for deliberate self-poisoning. Young persons, illiterates, and housewives were commonly involved in suicide attempts. Organophosphate caused majority of deaths.

Introduction: A large number of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected patients are taking combination Antiretroviral Therapy (cART) worldwide as it has led to dramatic improvements in them with a decreased viral load as well as an increase in Cluster of Differentiation (CD4+) T cell count. Though the incidence of HIV associated Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) has decreased with the use of effective cART, the prevalence of End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) in HIV positive patients has increased due to the risen longevity owing to them. Aim: To study the renal function abnormalities in HIV infected patients and to compare the change in renal function of treatment naïve patients with patients on triple drug regimen (cART). Materials and Methods: This prospective longitudinal cohort study was conducted on 54 Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) positive HIV patients belonging to the age group of 18-70 years of both the genders over a period of two years from August 2017 to September 2019 in MKCG Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur, Odisha, India. Forty nine HIV infected patients naive to cART and five patients on cART for a minimum period of three months were included in this study. All patients were treated with triple therapy regimens of either ZLN (Zidovudine 300 mg+Lamivudine 150 mg+Nevirapine 200 mg) or TLE (Tenofovir 300 mg+Lamivudine 150+Efavirenz 600 mg) daily; in a single dose at bed time. Renal function parameters like serum urea, serum creatinine, Creatinine Clearance (CrCl), estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) and CD4+ T cell count of treatment naive patients were compared with the same patients on cART after six months duration. GFR was calculated by Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation. Results were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software for Windows Version 17.0. Results: Out of 54 patients, 53.7% (n=29) were males and 46.3% (n=25) were females. The mean CrCl of HIV positive patients on cART (79.09±25.705 mL/min) was higher than treatment naive (69.65±25.506 mL/min) patients and was highly significant (p-value=0.003). The mean eGFR of HIV positive patients on cART (102.711±26.9424 mL/min/1.73 m2) was higher than treatment naïve (90.189±28.2575 mL/min/1.73 m2) patients and was highly significant (p-value=0.003). The mean serum urea of HIV positive patients on cART (25.78± 4.721 mg/dL) was lower than HIV positive treatment naïve (26.19±4.742 mg/dL) patients but was non-significant (p-value=0.640). The mean serum creatinine of HIV positive patients on cART (0.815±0.1393 mg/dL) was lower than HIV positive treatment naïve patients (0.906±0.1687 mg/dL) and was also highly significant (p-value=0.003). The mean CD4+ T cell count of HIV positive patients on cART (401.63±225.816 cells/μL) was higher than HIV positive treatment naïve (287.13±198.263 cells/μL) patients and was very highly significant (p=0.001). Conclusion: Renal impairment (CrCl <60 mL/min) and eGFR (<60 mL/min/1.73 m2) were higher in HIV positive treatment naive patients than those on cART. Radiological parameters like size of the kidney and cortical echogenicity became normal after six months on cART.