In Brazil, high levels of agricultural activity are re ected in the consumption of enormous amounts of pesticide. The production of grain in Brazil has been estimated to reach 289.8 million tons in the 2022 harvest, an increase of 14.7% in comparison with 2021, with an even greater increase being predicted for Goiás, one of the country's principal grain producing states. These advances are likely associated with a progressive increase in the occupational exposure of rural workers to pesticides. The PON1 gene activates the enzymes involved in phase I of liver detoxi cation. The rs662 variant of this gene is known to modify the activity of the PON1 enzyme, which can increase the susceptibility of an individual to pesticides, leading to more severe symptoms or the development of diseases. The present study describes the frequencies of the rs25487 (of the XRCC gene) and rs662 variants and their haplotypes in a sample population from Goiás, Brazil, and compares the frequencies with other populations from around the world to verify the variation in the distribution of these Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs). The study analyzed samples taken from 494 unrelated individuals resident in the state of Goiás. The A allele of the rs25487 variant had a frequency of 26% in the Goiás study population, and the modi ed rs662 G allele had a frequency of 42.8%. Four haplotypes were recorded for the rs25487 (G > A) and rs662 (A > G) markers, with a frequency of 11.9% being recorded for the A/G haplotype (both modi ed alleles), 30.8% for the G/G haplotype, 14.3% for the A/A haplotype, and 42.8% for the G/A haplotype (both wild-type alleles). In conclusion, we demonstrated the distribution of important SNPs associated with pesticide exposure in an area that presents a high level of agricultural activity.

In Brazil, high levels of agricultural activity are reflected in the consumption of enormous amounts of pesticide. The production of grain in Brazil has been estimated to reach 289.8 million tons in the 2022 harvest, an increase of 14.7% in comparison with 2021, with an even greater increase being predicted for Goiás, one of the country’s principal grain producing states. These advances are likely associated with a progressive increase in the occupational exposure of rural workers to pesticides. The PON1 gene activates the enzymes involved in phase I of liver detoxification. The rs662 variant of this gene is known to modify the activity of the PON1 enzyme, which can increase the susceptibility of an individual to pesticides, leading to more severe symptoms or the development of diseases. The present study describes the frequencies of the rs25487 (of the XRCC gene) and rs662 variants and their haplotypes in a sample population from Goiás, Brazil, and compares the frequencies with other populations from around the world to verify the variation in the distribution of these Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs). The study analyzed samples taken from 494 unrelated individuals resident in the state of Goiás. The A allele of the rs25487 variant had a frequency of 26% in the Goiás study population, and the modified rs662 G allele had a frequency of 42.8%. Four haplotypes were recorded for the rs25487 (G > A) and rs662 (A > G) markers, with a frequency of 11.9% being recorded for the A/G haplotype (both modified alleles), 30.8% for the G/G haplotype, 14.3% for the A/A haplotype, and 42.8% for the G/A haplotype (both wild-type alleles). In conclusion, we demonstrated the distribution of important SNPs associated with pesticide exposure in an area that presents a high level of agricultural activity.