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Neutron radiography has been in use as a nondestructive testing technique for the past fifty years. The neutrons' unique ability to image certain elements and isotopes that are either completely undetectable or poorly detected by other NDI methods makes neutron radiography an important tool for the NDI community. Neutron radiography like other imaging techniques takes a number of different forms (i.e., film, radioscopic, transfer methods, tomography, etc.) This paper will describe the neutron tomography system developed at the University of California, Davis McClellan Nuclear Radiation Center (UC Davis/MNRC), and the applications for both research and commercial uses.The neutron radiography system at the UC Davis/MNRC has been under development for four years. The initial system was developed to find very low concentrations of hydrogen (i.e., < 200 ppm). In order to achieve these low detection levels, it was necessary to perform both pre-and post-processing of the tomographs.The pre-processing steps include corrections for spatial resolution and random noise effects. Images are corrected for systematic noise errors and beam hardening. From these data the attenuation coefficient is calculated.The post-processing steps include alignment of the collected images, determining the center of mass, and, finally, using the filtered back-projection routine from the Donner Algorithms Library to obtain the final images.Since its initial development, the tomography system has been used very successfully to find low levels of hydrogen in a metal matrix. Further uses of the system have been to verify the exact placement, in three dimensions, of "O -rings" in large metal valve bodies, and to map the location and extent of veins in porous and high-density rocks of various different kinds.These examples show that neutron tomography is becoming a needed inspection technique for the 21 st century.

Hydrogen embrittlement describes a group of phenomena leading to the degradation of metal alloy properties. The hydrogen concentration in the alloy can be used as an indicator for the onset of embrittlement. A neutron tomography system has been optimized to perform nondestructive detection of hydrogen concentration in titanium aircraft engine compressor blades. Preprocessing of backprojection images and postprocessing of tomographic reconstructions are used to achieve hydrogen concentration sensitivity below 200 ppm weight. This paper emphasizes the postprocessing techniques which allow automated reporting of hydrogen concentration.1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Although high strain and strain-rate impacts to the human body have been the subject of substantial research at both the systemic and tissue levels, little is known about the celllevel ramifications of such assaults. This is largely due to the lack of high throughput, dynamic compression devices capable of simulating such traumatic loading conditions on individual cells. To fill this gap, we developed and characterized a high speed, high actuation force, magnetically driven MEMS chip to apply stress to biological cells at unprecedented strain (10% to 90%), strain rate (30,000 to 200,000 s −1), and throughput (12,000 cells/min). To demonstrate the capabilities of the µHammer, we applied biologically relevant strains and strain rates to human leukemic K562 cells and then monitored their viability for up to 8 days. We observed significantly repressed proliferation of the hit cells compared to both unperturbed and sham-hit control cells, accompanied by minimal cell death. This indicates success in applying cellular damage without compromising the overall viability of the population, allowing us to conclude that this device is well suited to study the subtle effects of impact on large populations of inherently heterogeneous cells.

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