No abstract

Lactate, a crucial product of the anaerobic metabolism of carbohydrates in the human body, is of enormous significance in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and scientific exercise management. The level of lactate in the bio-fluid is a crucial health indicator because it is related to diseases, such as hypoxia, metabolic disorders, renal failure, heart failure, and respiratory failure. For critically ill patients and those who need to regularly control lactate levels, it is vital to develop a non-invasive wearable sensor to detect lactate levels in matrices other than blood. Due to its high sensitivity, high selectivity, low detection limit, simplicity of use, and ability to identify target molecules in the presence of interfering chemicals, biosensing is a potential analytical approach for lactate detection that has received increasing attention. Various types of wearable lactate biosensors are reviewed in this paper, along with their preparation, key properties, and commonly used flexible substrate materials including polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), paper, and textiles. Key performance indicators, including sensitivity, linear detection range, and detection limit, are also compared. The challenges for future development are also summarized, along with some recommendations for the future development of lactate biosensors.

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) has been considered as promising piezoelectric materials for advanced sensing and energy storage systems because of their high dielectric constant and good electroactive response. Electrospinning is a...

As a new generation of light sources, GaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have wide applications in lighting and display. Heat dissipation in LEDs is a fundamental issue that leads to a decrease in light output, a shortened lifespan, and the risk of catastrophic failure. Here, the temperature spatial distribution of the LEDs is revealed by using high-resolution infrared thermography, and the piezo-phototronic effect is proved to restrain efficaciously the temperature increment for the first time. We observe the temperature field and current density distribution of the LED array under external strain compensation. Specifically, the temperature rise caused by the self-heating effect is reduced by 47.62% under 0.1% external strain, which is attributed to the enhanced competitiveness of radiative recombination against nonradiative recombination due to the piezo-phototronic effect. This work not only deepens the understanding of the piezo-phototronic effect in LEDs but also provides a novel, easy-to-implement, and economical method to effectively enhance thermal management.