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The growing proliferation of distributed information systems, allows organizations to offer their business processes to a worldwide audience through Web services. Semantic Web services have emerged as a means to achieve the vision of automatic discovery, selection, composition, and invocation of Web services by encoding the specifications of these software components in an unambiguous and machine-interpretable form. Several frameworks have been devised as enabling technologies for Semantic Web services. In this paper, we survey the prominent Semantic Web service frameworks. In addition, a set of criteria is identified and the discussed frameworks are evaluated and compared with respect to these criteria. Knowing the strengths and weaknesses of the Semantic Web service frameworks can help researchers to utilize the most appropriate one according to their needs.

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Fast development of knowledge and communication has established a new computational style which is known as cloud computing. One of the main issues considered by the cloud infrastructure providers, is to minimize the costs and maximize the profitability. Energy management in the cloud data centers is very important to achieve such goal. Energy consumption can be reduced either by releasing idle nodes or by reducing the virtual machines migrations. To do the latter, one of the challenges is to select the placement approach of the migrated virtual machines on the appropriate node. In this paper, an approach to reduce the energy consumption in cloud data centers is proposed. This approach adapts harmony search algorithm to migrate the virtual machines. It performs the placement by sorting the nodes and virtual machines based on their priority in descending order. The priority is calculated based on the workload.The proposed approach is simulated. The evaluation results show the reduction in the virtual machine migrations, the increase of efficiency and the reduction of energy consumption.

In this paper, a Semantic Web service matchmaker called UltiMatch-NL is presented. UltiMatch-NL applies two filters namely Signature-based and Description-based on different abstraction levels of a service profile to achieve more accurate results. More specifically, the proposed filters rely on semantic knowledge to extract the similarity between a given pair of service descriptions. Thus it is a further step towards fully automated Web service discovery via making this process more semantic-aware. In addition, a new technique is proposed to weight and combine the results of different filters of UltiMatch-NL, automatically. Moreover, an innovative approach is introduced to predict the relevance of requests and Web services and eliminate the need for setting a threshold value of similarity. In order to evaluate UltiMatch-NL, the repository of OWLS-TC is used. The performance evaluation based on standard measures from the information retrieval field shows that semantic matching of OWL-S services can be significantly improved by incorporating designed matching filters.