Epidemiological analysis of data on the incidence of measles, whooping cough and mumps in the Republic of Dagestan for the period 2010–2020. A retrospective epidemiological analysis of the data on the incidence of measles, whooping cough and mumps in the Republic of Dagestan for the period 2010–2018 was carried out. Materials on the coverage of planned vaccinations are analyzed. Statistical data processing was performed using the MS Exсel 2010 software package. In 2020, in the Republic of Dagestan, the measles incidence rate per 100 thousand population was 16,43 compared to 27,0 in 2019, 79.5 % of those who were not vaccinated against measles accounted for — 53.1 % fell ill due to refusals. The peak rates of whooping cough incidence are observed in 2018–2019 (8.0 and 7.19, respectively, per 100 thousand of the population). The main contingent is children — 97.9 %, of which 96.3 % are due to parental refusal. In terms of the incidence of mumps, the Republic of Dagestan ranks first in 2017–2018 (87.15 and 45.3 per 100 thousand population), with an excess of the all-Russian indicator (2.19) by 39.8 times, that is, 68 % of those who have been ill in the country are residents of Dagestan. Among those who fell ill with mumps, the share of unvaccinated persons was 65.6 %, of which 78.4 % were children under 17 years of age with refusal of vaccination. Based on a retrospective epidemiological analysis of the incidence of measles, whooping cough and mumps in the Republic of Dagestan for the period 2010–2020, it can be concluded that the intensity of the epidemic process of these diseases has increased, which is an unfavorable prognostic sign. The main reason for the epidemiological problems and the spread of these infections among the population of the Republic of Dagestan is the increase in the number of refusals of preventive vaccinations. It is necessary to strengthen the educational and organizational activities of medical workers for the purpose of hygienic education of the population on the prevention of immune-controlled infections.

Neurological and endocrine diseases, being widespread and producing significant impact on peopleʼs health as well as increasing the risk of disability of the working population (thus burdening the state budget), remain a most important medical and economic problem today. The study aimed to establish a link between these pathologies and the content of trace elements (cobalt, copper, zinc and manganese) in the soils of Dagestan plains. The concentration of active forms of cobalt, copper, zinc and manganese in the soil was established using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer model 170-70 (Hitachi, Japan) at the Biogeochemistry Laboratory of the Caspian Institute of Biological Resources, Dagestan Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences. To determine the morbidity rate in the population, we turned to the data of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Dagestan. The study revealed that the relevant pathologies in Dagestanʼs population, leading to disability, are caused by the trace element composition of the soil. Having compared the data on the content of cobalt, copper, zinc and manganese in the soils of the republicʼs lowland districts (Kizilyurt, Khasavyurt, Babayurt) and the prevalence of endocrine and neurological pathologies, we found a high correlation. The number of patients was in direct proportion to the content of manganese and in inverse proportion to the content of cobalt, copper and zinc. However, in Kizlyar District endocrine pathologies only correlated with zinc in the soil, which, apparently, can be explained by the local diet, fish products playing an important role, and by the fact that the territory is often flooded with coastal waters, changing the elementsʼ concentration in the soil.

Malignant neoplasms (MNO) are a significant social, social and medical problem of modern society. Cancer is the leading cause of death in the world, from which about 10 million people died in 2020. In this regard, the identification of the main factors contributing to oncogenesis is the most urgent task of modern clinical medicine. Tumor formations of malignant genesis are polyetiological. It has not been finally established which of the factors is of paramount importance, but it has been revealed that various psychosocial processes are triggers. Among them: social status, working conditions, life events (depression, hopelessness, loss of a loved one, etc.). A detailed study of the relationship between psychosocial factors and environmental factors in the development, progression and mortality from certain types of cancer is important in understanding the main mechanisms of prevention of this pathology. The analysis of the results obtained can be taken into account in the development of personalized measures to prevent the development of cancer in a particular individual.