Neurological and endocrine diseases, being widespread and producing significant impact on peopleʼs health as well as increasing the risk of disability of the working population (thus burdening the state budget), remain a most important medical and economic problem today. The study aimed to establish a link between these pathologies and the content of trace elements (cobalt, copper, zinc and manganese) in the soils of Dagestan plains. The concentration of active forms of cobalt, copper, zinc and manganese in the soil was established using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer model 170-70 (Hitachi, Japan) at the Biogeochemistry Laboratory of the Caspian Institute of Biological Resources, Dagestan Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences. To determine the morbidity rate in the population, we turned to the data of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Dagestan. The study revealed that the relevant pathologies in Dagestanʼs population, leading to disability, are caused by the trace element composition of the soil. Having compared the data on the content of cobalt, copper, zinc and manganese in the soils of the republicʼs lowland districts (Kizilyurt, Khasavyurt, Babayurt) and the prevalence of endocrine and neurological pathologies, we found a high correlation. The number of patients was in direct proportion to the content of manganese and in inverse proportion to the content of cobalt, copper and zinc. However, in Kizlyar District endocrine pathologies only correlated with zinc in the soil, which, apparently, can be explained by the local diet, fish products playing an important role, and by the fact that the territory is often flooded with coastal waters, changing the elementsʼ concentration in the soil.

Based on the available results of the conducted studies, it can be said that the current level of influence of negative environmental factors has exceeded the critical level of the adaptive capabilities of the body of women of fertile age. This determines the fundamental applied importance of identifying the influence of individual factors and the consequences of the use of pesticides on the incidence of cervical erosion, which is an endogenous risk factor for the development of malignant neoplasms of the cervix. In the course of the work, an assessment was made of the independent, total and combined effect of mineral fertilizers and agrochemicals on indicators of the incidence of cervical erosion in women in rural areas of the Republic of Dagestan, since they are the leading environmental factors. A two-way analysis of variance was carried out for the influence of the place of residence and the intensity of the use of mineral fertilizers and agrochemicals. In total, information was obtained on the effect of over 600 combinations of mineral fertilizers and pesticides on the incidence of cervical erosion in women in rural areas of the Republic of Dagestan. The influence of natural and anthropogenic ecological and hygienic factors in the Republic of Dagestan on the incidence of cervical erosion (ESM) in the adult female population, especially in rural areas of the republic, was established. The analyzed data on the impact of the use of mineral fertilizers and pesticides demonstrate that in rural regions, where there is an intensive rate of development of agriculture with the use of mineral fertilizers and pesticides, it is necessary to take them into account as real risk factors for the development of cervical erosion in women. The results of the study give grounds to assume the presence of an indirect influence of the considered environmental factors on the incidence of cervical erosion.

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Резюме. Цель. В статье рассматривается преобразование солнечной радиации в электричество с использованием одновременно нескольких эффектов, которые дополняют друг друга и преобразуют недостатки одного способа преобразования в достоинства другого способа. Метод. Применены методы моделирования теплообменных процессов при многократном переотражении светового потока на солнечном концентраторе цилиндрической формы. Результат. Предлагается сформировать интегральную совокупность полупроводниковых преобразователей фотонов совместно с фотоэффектом на металлических электродах с низкой работой выхода электронов и термоэлектрическим эффектом, что позволит повысить энергоэффективность всей конструкции с дополнительным многократным переотражением фотонов на концентраторе солнечных лучей в виде цилиндрической поверхности с радиально расположенными зеркальными металлическими электродами. Фотоны при попадании на энергоэффективный интегральный термоэлектрический преобразователь солнечной радиации в электроэнергию будут либо преобразованы на p-n-переходе солнечной батареи, либо участвовать в фотоэффекте на электродах, либо будут поглощены материалом конструкции, нагреют её и выработают на термогенераторе также электричество. Такой подход позволяет повысить КПД до максимально возможного значения. Вывод. Проведенные исследования позволяют сделать вывод, что все попавшие фотоны на энергоэффективный интегральный термоэлектрический преобразователь солнечной радиации будут преобразованы в электричество в той или иной степени, и только незначительная часть будет рассеяна в виде тепловых потерь или переотражений наружу.