No abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the association between household food insecurity and nutritional status among children aged 24-59 months in Haromaya District. Children (N = 453) aged 24-59 months were recruited in a community-based cross-sectional survey with a representative sample of households selected by a multistage sampling procedure in Haromaya District. Household Food Insecurity Access Scale and anthropometry were administered. Multinomial logistic regression models were applied to select variables that are candidate for multivariable model. The prevalences of stunting, underweight, and wasting among children aged 24-59 months were 61.1%, 28.1%, and 11.8%, respectively. The mean household food insecurity access scale score was 3.34, and 39.7% of households experienced some degree of food insecurity. By logistic regression analysis and after adjusting for the confounding factors, household food insecurity was significantly predictive of underweight (AOR = 2.48, CI = 1.17-5.24, p = .05) and chronic energy deficiency (AOR = 0.47, CI = 0.23-0.97, p = .04) and marginally significant for wasting (AOR = 0.53, CI = 0.27-1.03, p = .06). It is concluded that household food security improves child growth and nutritional status.

Our data indicate that variants in the circadian-related genes CRY2 and MTNR1B may affect long-term changes in energy expenditure, and dietary fat intake may modify the genetic effects. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00072995.

The aim of the study is evaluating the associations of FokI vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and its relations with postpartum metabolic syndrome. In a cohort study, 303 women referred to outpatient clinic of Shariati Hospital. The VDR FokI genotypes were determined. All subjects were followed 6?12 weeks after delivery. The frequencies of Ff, FF, and ff genotypes were 30.4% (49), 63.4% (102), and 6.2% (10), respectively, in healthy pregnancies and 34.5% (49), 54.9% (78), and 10.6% (15), respectively, in GDM patients. The ff genotype was more common in GDM patients. Healthy individuals had higher frequency of F allele, suggesting that F allele may have a role in decreased incidence of GDM. Concerning the GDM risk factors, f allele had significant association with prepregnancy obesity and family history of diabetes. In postpartum follow-up, women who developed metabolic syndrome were significantly older with higher prepregnancy body mass index, had more family history of diabetes, and also their ff genotype was two fold more frequent. Our results indicate a meaningful association between FokI VDR genotypes and an increase risk of GDM in Iranian population as well as its effects on postpartum metabolic syndrome.

Our findings suggest that Mediterranean dietary pattern has a favorable role in the prevention of sarcopenia.