Background: Early determination of fetal gender during pregnancy is essential for the early detection of gender-linked diseases in the fetus. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography in determining fetal gender in pregnant mothers at 11 to 14 weeks of gestation. Methods: The study included 227 pregnant mothers at 11 to 14 weeks of gestational age. Ultrasonography results were recorded for fetal gender determination based on gestational age and body mass index (BMI). Results: The sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography for male gender determination were 91.73% and 99.05%, respectively. This value for female gender determination was 99.05% and 91.73%, respectively. Conclusions: The results of our study showed that ultrasonography at 11 to 14 weeks of gestation had high sensitivity and specificity in detecting gender, and its sensitivity in female gender determination was higher.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between ages above 35 years old and gestational diabetes mellitus in Zabol.   Methods: This study was conducted in Zabol city during 2016-2017. Analyzing the data to check the validity of the hypothesis in any type of research is of particular importance and is performed nowadays in most research studies based on the data gathered from the subjects under study. Data analysis is one of the main and most important parts of any research. Raw data is analyzed using statistical software.   Results: The results of this study showed that according to the gestational diabetes mellitus score of 150 mothers, about gestational diabetes, 11 cases (7.3%) had gestational diabetes, and 132 (92.7%) others have not experienced gestational diabetes. Generally, according to the average score (1.92), there is no gestational diabetes in mothers.   Conclusion: The most important risk factors for gestational diabetes are age-obesity and familial history, respectively.

Background: Cleft Lip and Palate (CL±CP) are congenital malformations that occur in two forms CL±CP and CL only. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of CL±CP and associated risk factors in a group of newborns in Zabol in 2020. Methods: In the present descriptive-analytical study, we examined all newborns born at Amir Al-Momenin (AS) Hospital in Zabol between April 2018 and the end of March 2019. Eighty-eight births in which this complication occurred were studied. Results: The prevalence of CL±CP in the total study population was 0.22% or 2.22 newborns per 1000 live births. In the present study, 35.2% had left unilateral CL±CP (n = 31), 31.8% had CL (n = 28), 20.5% had bilateral CL±CP (n = 18), 10.2% (n = 9) had CL±CP unilateral at the right side, CL 1.1% (n = 1) and 1.1% had medial cleft. The most common disorders in boys were CL, CL and unilateral left lip. In girls, CL± unilateral CP were the most common complications. Babies with left unilateral cleft lip and palate had the highest rate of anomalies. Conclusion: The present study showed that the prevalence of CL±CP in newborns in Sistan region is higher than national level. The prevalence of unilateral CL±CP on the left side and cleft palate is one of the most common types of CL±CP. This anomaly occurred more frequently in males.

Background: In recent decades, extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) generating bacteria have increased universally. Among the most important causative agents of nosocomial infections throughout the world, Escherichia coli as main ESBL-producing bacteria are so highly regarded. Trends in the treatment of infections by such bacteria have led to a global concern.   Methods: All strains were cultured and identified by the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory and were recovered from blood and urine cultures. In-vitro presence of ESBL was confirmed with Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute double disc and PCR for CTX-M1, CTM-M2, CTX-M3 method.   Results: The results of this study showed that Escherichia coli samples were resistant to AN (42.85%), GM (28.57%), AM (35.71%), AMC (35.71%), CZ (35.71%), and AZM (50%) antibiotics. While the most susceptible to antibiotic was ampicillin (64.28%), the least resistance to antibiotics was gentamicin.   Conclusion: The current situation of multiple bacterial antibiotic resistance has become a worrisome issue in UTI. Multi-drug-resistant E. coli can be readily encountered in hospital settings during daily clinical practice, and urologist should act timely. The management of such infections is extremely important for the future, with particular reference to prevention of new antibiotic resistance patterns.

No abstract