The Artocarpus heterophyllus (Jackfruit) is a species of tree of the mulberry family Moraceae. The plants of Artocarpus species have been used by traditional folk medicine in Indonesia. can be useful as anti-bacterial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-helmintics. The present study was aimed to evaluate antidiabetic and antioxidant activity of aqueous extract of Jackfruit. The antidiabetic activity were determined by inhibition of haemoglobin glycation method. Phytochemical constituent like ascorbic acid, -carotene and lycopene also determined. Antioxidant activity was measured by hydroxl radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, and chellating effect of ferrous iron. From the result of this study we can see the increasing of haemoglobin glycation concentration is followed by the increasing of jackfruit extracts concentration. From this study also we found the IC 50 of jackfruit exctracts is 56,43 %. The result of this study also showed that the extract of jackfruit has a phytochemical constituent with ascorbic acid is the highest, and followed by -carotene and lycopene. Jackfruit also has antioxidant activity. The highest antioxidant activity is scavenging hydroxyl radical activity and followed by scavenging hydrogen peroxide and chellating of ferrous iron. The result of this study suggest that the jackfruit extract potential as an diabetic agent. 

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Background; Schizophrenia recurrence is caused by many factors, one of which is family factors. Family is very important for people with schizophrenia, where one of the roles and functions of the family is to provide an affective function to meet the psychosocial needs of family members in providing affection. Objective; This study was conducted with the aim of knowing the correlation between family cohesion and recurrence in schizophrenic patients at the Dr. Soetomo Hospital Psychiatric clinic. Methods; This research method using observational-analytic design with cross-sectional approach with a sample of schizophrenic patients at the Psychiatry Clinic of dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya in June-August 2020 which met the inclusion criteria. The variables studied were family cohesion and recurrence of schizophrenia. Samples were taken using total sampling with a sample size of 40 research subjects. Sampling was conducted at the dr. Soetomo Hospital Psychiatry Clinic. Data analysis was performed using the Spearman correlation analysis technique. Results; The results of the Spearman correlation analysis showed a correlation coefficient of -0.291 with a significance value of 0.69 (p> 0.05). Conclusion; It can be concluded that the relationship between the two variables is not unidirectional and there is no significant relationship between family cohesion and recurrence in schizophrenics at the dr. Soetomo Hospital Psychiatry Clinic. Keywords: Family Cohesion, Schizophrenia Recurrence, Schizophrenic Patients

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Karies gigi merupakan suatu penyakit mengenai jaringan keras gigi. Karies disebabkan karena penumpukan plak. Plak tersusun atas bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Daun rambutan merupakan salah satu bagian dari tanaman yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai antibakteri karena memiliki senyawa metabolit sekunder. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memformulasikan ekstrak etanol daun rambutan ke dalam bentuk sediaan pasta gigi dan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi Na CMC dan sorbitol yang baik pada sediaan pasta gigi ekstrak daun rambutan. Pada penelitian ini sediaan pasta gigi menggunakan ekstrak etanol dengan konsentrasi 5%. Konsentrasi Na CMC yaitu 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7% dan sorbitol 50%, 40%, 20%, 10%, 5%. Dilakukan uji homogenitas, organoleptis, pH, daya sebar dan uji stabilitas freezer-thaw cycling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa uji homogenitas tergolong homogen, uji organoleptis berwana coklat, bau khas dan mint, dan rasa pedas. Uji pH berkisar 6,0-6,5, uji daya sebar berkisar 4,8-5,8 cm dan hasil uji stabilitas freeze-thaw cycling tidak menunjukkan perubahan apapun dari organoleptis dan pH pasta gigi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun rambutan dapat di formulasikan sebagai sediaan pasta gigi ekstrak etanol daun rambutan. Sediaan yang paling bagus yaitu formula 1 dengan konsentrasi Na CMC 3% dan sorbitol 50%.