Reduced graphene oxide nanosheets were prepared by a modified hummer method and decorated with zinc nanoparticles to form nanocomposite (ZnO/RGO). The nanostructure surface materials of RGO with ZnO consist of different functional groups such as carboxyl, carbonyl, and hydroxyl groups, which facilitate the oxidation process of dye. Various techniques characterized the synthesized nanocomposites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed good surface morphology of ZnO/RGO, and X‐ray diffraction illustrated a high crystal structure of the surface. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) shows the functional groups of nanocomposites ZnO/RGO. The Raman and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectroscopies illustrate the surface and functional properties of ZnO/RGO catalyst. Moreover, the optical characterization achieved good value around 3.29 eV because of the decoration of ZnO on the surface of graphene oxide. Optimized conditions show up to 98% photocatalytic degradation of basic blue dye. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry was used for the analysis of degradation and intermediate identification. The proposed degradation mechanism of basic blue by the following steps, cleavage of C–C bonds in the benzene ring, and N‐N bond during the attack of OH• radicals, (iii) cleavage of aniline and C–C bonds of the benzene group.

This study reports using a droplet flow assisted mechanism to enhance the electrocatalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol, 2-phenoxyethanol, and hydroxymethylfurfural at room temperature. Cobalt phosphide (CoP) was employed as an active electrocatalyst to promote the oxidation of each of the individual substrates. Surface analysis of the CoP electrocatalyst using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), as well as electrochemical characterization, revealed that it had excellent catalytic activity for each of the substrates studied. The combined droplet flow with the continuous flow electrochemical oxidation approach significantly enhanced the conversion and selectivity of the transformation reactions. The results of this investigation show that at an electrolysis potential of 1.3 V and ambient conditions, both the selectivity and yield of aldehyde from substrate conversion can reach 97.0%.