Our study is devoted to the chamaeropaie degradation assessment of the jbel Lakraa southern slope, located in the northern Middle Atlas in the Ribat Al Khair region. The floristic study revealed a specific richness of 124 species belonging to 95 genera and 33 vascular plants families, as well as a specific diversity relatively high with a Shannon-Weaver index of 3.88. A relatively high specific diversity with a Shannon-Weaver index of 3.88 was observed. However, the floristic composition showed a disturbance expressed by the index of equitability which is 0.58 and a strong therophytisation of 63% with a very high perturbation index of 69%. This disturbance is also illustrated by the toxic or spiny species proliferation such as Asphodelus ramosus, Drimia maritima and Scolymus hispanicus. The morphometric study was carried out on two strata (stratum 1 anthropized - stratum 2 wooded). The Statistical analysis showed that the diameter and height of the foliage, as well as the number of leaves per individual of the tree stratum are significantly higher than those of the anthropized stratum. Furthermore, an absence of correlations between the morphometric variables was recorded in the anthropized stratum. The chamaeropaie degradation state is alarming as indicated by the floristic and morphometric results, urgent measures must be taken to regulate its exploitation and preservation.

Over the second half of the past century, the Zloul Valley has undergone rapid and intense changes, such as deforestation and massive clearing as well as a grazing ban in olive plots since the introduction of olive cultivation approximately 30 years ago. The aim of this study was to explore these rapidly changing ecosystems. The floristic analysis revealed a more pronounced anthropozoic impact on the Chamaerops humilis and Ampelodesmos mauritanicus steppe group, which displayed the lowest floristic diversity, with a Shannon-Weaver index of 3.72, and a very high disturbance, of 68.85%. The grazing ban in olive plots had a positive effect on floristic richness and diversity, with the Shannon-Weaver index reaching a maximum value of 4.67. This group included mainly herbaceous stratum species found in deforested areas and corresponded to the survey group of protected olive plots and steppes. Among the main species encountered were as follows:

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of reforestation of Pinus halepensis on soil fertility in the Beni Sohane forest. The Physico-chemical analysis was carried out on 24 soil samples collected at two depths of 0-10 cm and 10-30 cm. The soil samples were collected from 45-year-old reforested plots and native forest controls. The results revealed that reforestation with P. halepensis did not affect the pH, while it had negative effects on the content of all other nutrients, especially for Olsen phosphorus and boron, whose levels were significantly lower than those recorded in the native forest. The negative impact of reforestation was most accentuated in the topsoil layer of 0-10 cm. At this layer, the average content of all nutrients was -39% lower than the average content of the native forest, while at a depth of 10-30 cm it was only -18%. It seems that the sustainable restoration of degraded lands would depend on the prevalence of ecological considerations, favoring native forest species rather than expansionist exotic species such as P. halepensis.