Objectives:To determine the level of diabetes knowledge and to identify the main knowledge gaps among patients with diabetes (both types 1 and 2) as there is a high prevalence of diabetes in Saudi Arabia.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in Makkah city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and included governmental primary healthcare centers and hospitals from November 2016 until February 2017. A self-administrated Diabetes Knowledge Test 2 (DKT2) was used to determine the level of diabetes knowledge. It consisted of two parts: general knowledge and insulin use with a global score out of 23.Results:A total of 942 patients with diabetes were enrolled in this study. Male to female ratio was 55.1:44.9, with mean global DKT2 score of 13.3±3.2 (57.8%±13.3%). The majority of patients (66.1%) had average diabetes knowledge while 29.2% had low knowledge, and 4.7% had high knowledge. Better knowledge and significant associations were found with younger ages, high educational levels, longer duration of diabetes, and positive family history of diabetes.Conclusion:Patients’ knowledge regarding diabetes was found poor in this study. Hence healthcare providers should pay more attention to diabetes education, especially with respect to dietary concepts. We are strongly advising researchers and physicians in Saudi Arabia to do similar research to determine the level of diabetes knowledge in their fields to get a more comprehensive picture of their patients’ knowledge of diabetes.

Actinomycosis is a subacute or chronic suppurative bacterial infection which caused because of filamentous gram-positive, anaerobic to microaerophilic nonacid fast bacilli primarily of the genus Actinomyces that normally colonize the mouth, colon, and vagina. Primary cutaneous actinomycosis is a rare entity and is generally associated with trauma. A 61- year-old Yemeni male firstly presented to the surgical department in King Fahd Central Hospital with multiple swelling, petted lesions and boring of sensation in the right foot. Local examination showed multiple erythematous nodules and plaques with discharge in the right leg, and active sinus was not determined.

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Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a tropical infection of public health importance. Numerous treatment approaches are in practice with variable degree of success however its management has no universal consensus or practice guidelines to follow. Objective: Analyze the management of cutaneous leishmaniasis retrospectively at a central hospital of Jazan Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to identify the current treatment pattern and compare the outcomes. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted based on the hospital records of patients who attended the dermatology clinic for cutaneous leishmaniasis during the year 2012 to 2015. Results: Forty three patients were included in the study. There was a male preponderance (65.1%) among the patients and 60.5% of them were of pediatric age group. Monotherapy was the initial choice for 58.1% of the patients. Intralesional sodium stibogluconate (SS-IL) was the most preferred treatment for initial therapy, as monotherapy and as part of combination therapy. A complete response was achieved in 22 patients (51.2%) with initial therapy. Among the different treatment groups, SS-IL+itraconazole showed significantly higher complete response rate compared to other treatments offered as initial therapy (p＜0.01). Initial SS-IL monotherapy provided complete response in 41.2% patients receiving it, while itraconazole monotherapy provided complete response in 75% and 90.9% of the patients receiving initial itraconazole+SS-IL combination therapy with achieved complete response. Conclusion: The findings and observations suggest that initial combination therapy with SS-IL+itraconazole significantly improved the complete response rates and thus reduced the need for additional or prolonged therapies. (Ann Dermatol 30(5) 575∼580, 2018