A series of isatins incorporating thiazole, thiadiazole, benzothiazole and p-toluene sulfonyl hydrazide moieties, along with their cobalt(II), copper(II), nickel(II) and zinc(II) metal complexes have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, molar conductances, magnetic moments, IR, NMR and electronic spectral data. These compounds have been screened for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtillis, Shigella flexneri, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi, and for antifungal activity against Trichophyton longifusus, Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, Microsporum canis, Fusarium solani and Candida glaberata using the agar-well diffusion method. All the synthesized compounds have shown good affinity as antibacterial and/or antifungal agents which increased in most of the cases on complexation with the metal ions.

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5-substituted 4-(4-chlorophenyl)- 4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-thiones 3 and 2-substituted 5-(4-chlorophenylamino)-1,3,4-thiadiazoles 4 were prepared from the intermediate thiosemicarbazides 2 under basic and acidic conditions, respectively. The thiosemicarbazides, in turn, were prepared by the reaction of hydrazides 1 with 4-chlorophenylisothiocyanate in MeOH. Some of the new synthesized compounds were assayed against HIV-1 and HIV-2 in MT-4 cells. All the compounds were inactive except 3f, which showed an EC 50 value of 23.9 µg/mL and 9.9 µg/mL against HIV-1 and HIV-2 with a therapeutic index of 3 and 7, respectively. It means that compound 3f was cytotoxic to MT-4 cells at CC 50 of 72.7 µg/mL in both strains. C 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The present study comprises the determination of some phenolic acids from the leaves and flowers of Alhagi maurorum by HPLC-DAD, confirmed by LC-MS-APCI. The antioxidant properties and measurements of the total phenolic contents of the extracts were assessed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and Folin-Ciocalteu methods, respectively. It was found that the leaf extract had higher antioxidant potential (83.5%) than the flower extract (72.3%). The antioxidant properties and total phenolic contents of the leaves were higher than those of the flowers.