Tonsillectomy (±adenoidectomy) is performed for recurrent tonsillitis or obstruction of the upper airway. Post tonsillectomy pain cumulates within first postoperative days and decreases gradually following the fourth day in pediatric patients with many adverse effects on the patients with 1% readmission was reported due to dysphagia and dehydration. The present study has been planned to assess the analgesic effect of tonsillar bed infiltration of levobupivacaine compared to levobupivacaine and magnesium after tonsillectomy in pediatric patients. Eighty American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I children aged 7-13 years scheduled for elective tonsillectomy (±adenoidectomy) were included in current study. The patients' Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain were registered at 15th min after arrival to Postanesthesia Care Unit (PACU) and 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 6th, 12th and 24th h postoperatively. The time at the first analgesia request and additional analgesic requirements were also reported and patients were followed up for one week. Postoperative bleeding, infection, Post-Operative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV), abdominal pain, constipation, arrhythmia and allergic reactions were documented. Levobupivacaine plus magnesium gave significantly less VAS of pain in comparison to levobupivacaine alone at 12 and 24 h postoperatively. While this lower VAS of pain was found statistically non-significant at earlier periods of assessment. In addition, the time to first analgesic request was lengthened and total number of analgesic requests in the first 24 h were decreased in combined group when compared to levobupivacaine alone. In addition, laryngospasm significantly decreased in levobupivacaine plus magnesium group with no reported increase in complications. Adding magnesium to Levobupivacaine local infiltration in tonsillar bed is safe and significantly augments the analgesic effect of levobupivacaine after tonsillectomy in pediatric patients.

ZnO was prepared using room temperature bipolar electrochemical process in deionized water. Electron microscopy, powder X‐ray diffraction, and micro‐Raman spectroscopy showed crystallization of the material into the wurtzite hexagonal structure of ZnO, self‐organized in micro‐sized flower‐like shapes that are formed out of individual nanorods preferentially grown along the <0thinmathspace0thinmathspace0thinmathspace1> direction. The intrinsic electronic properties were evaluated by potentiodynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy using Mott–Schottky analysis of semiconductor/liquid junctions. Because the flat band and carrier density are frequency‐dependent, we used an approximation based on fractional order capacitance fitting, and subsequently three different ways to calculate the frequency‐independent effective capacitance of the system. The capacitance computed using the four parameters of single‐dispersion Randle's model, i.e., pseudocapacitance, dispersion coefficient, and series and parallel resistances, is more recommended for the characterization of the electrochemical system.

This study investigated the importance of the male sex hormone testosterone on salt-induced hypertension, renal ␣ 2 -adrenoceptor subtype distribution, and gene expression in saltsensitive (SBH) male Sabra rats. Comparisons of blood pressure and renal ␣ 2 -adrenoceptor subtype gene expression and receptor densities have been made among sham-operated rats, and gonadectomized rats treated or not with testosterone and submitted to normal or high salt diet for 6 weeks. In intact rats, only ␣ 2B -adrenoceptors were detected in this rat strain independent of the diet. In these rats, high salt diet increases blood pressure and up-regulates gene expression and density of ␣ 2 -adrenoceptors. Gonadectomy abolishes the hypertensive response to salt overload, decreases gene expression and density of ␣ 2B -adrenoceptors, and prevents their salt-induced up-regulation. After gonadectomy, increased gene expression and a detectable density of ␣ 2A -adrenoceptors are observed at similar levels in normal and high salt diet. In gonadectomized rats, testosterone replacement restores salt-induced hypertension, density of renal ␣ 2B -adrenoceptors, and gene expression to the intact levels observed both under normal and high salt diet. Furthermore, the ␣ 2A -adrenoceptor subtype is not detected in these conditions. If the increase in renal ␣ 2B -adrenoceptor subtypes is indicative of the hypertensive phenotype, the presence of the ␣ 2A -adrenoceptor appears associated with a state of salt resistance in male SBH rats. In conclusion, testosterone is needed for the full expression of salt-induced hypertension in male salt-sensitive Sabra rats. Renal densities of ␣ 2 -adrenoceptor subtypes are under control of the testicles and are differentially regulated by testosterone.

Dyslipidemia is one of the major risk factors for cardiac disease. We aimed to reduce this risk factor for lowering serum cholesterol levels by making dietary changes. Beta-glucan are glucose polymers present in cereal grains as barley, consumption of the whole grain or concentrated β-glucan preparation showed to lower blood lipid profile and atherogenic ratios. Fifty male albino rats were assigned into five groups. The control group received standard diet, the hyperlipidemic group fed 1% cholesterol and 20% coconut oil in the diet for 8 weeks. The β-glucan treated group received high fat diet for 4 weeks then high fat diet plus barley β-glucan 10 mg/rats given orally for more 4 weeks. The β-glucan protected group received standard diet +10 mg/rat barley β-glucan for 2 weeks then high fat diet + barley β-glucan 10 mg/rat for another 8 weeks. The β-glucan group received standard diet + barley β-glucan 10 mg/rat for 8 weeks. The hyperlipidemic rats showed an increase in lipid profile, total lipid, phospholipids, atherogenic indices, liver enzymes, kidney functions and glucose level while a decrease in HDL-C and albumin compared with the control group. Moreover, histological examination of liver tissue of hyperlipidemic rats showed fatty hepatocytes compared with the control. Administration of barley β-glucan 10 mg/rat in treated and protected groups ameliorated the levels of lipids, atherogenic indices, liver functions, kidney functions and glucose. In addition, the liver tissues showed improved pathological alterations.

Background: A radial head fracture is the bone injury that occurs to an adult elbow the most frequently. People between the ages of 20 and 60 years are most commonly affected by radial head fractures. Falling on an extended hand when the elbow is partially flexed and the forearm is pronated is the most common mechanism of injury. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the results of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of type II Redial-Head fractures (Mason type II) in the adults. Patients & Methods: This prospective quasi-experimental study involved 20 patients with type II fractures of head radius in Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University through the period from December 2018 till May 2019.Results: Overall mean age was 31.9 ± 7.58 years old with male had predominance (60%). Up to 90% of patients had mini screws, while 5% had mini screws with mini plate and 5% had mini plate only. The overall mean length of stay was 2.2 ± 1.15 days. Majority of patients did not have post-operative complications (70%), while 25% had delayed rehabilitation and 5% had post interosseous nerve injury. According to Broberg and Morrey criteria, most of patient had excellent evaluation (65%), 30% had good and only 5% had fair evaluation. There was statistical significant difference between grades of evaluation by Broberg and Morrey criteria and post-operative complications (p=0.014) with higher complications among patients with fair/good evaluation (83.3%) versus 16.7% in patients with excellent evaluation. Conclusion:The most effective methods of therapy for type II fractures appear to be ORIF employing small screws and mini plates. Additionally, ORIF was linked to a greater satisfaction rating and fewer problems.