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Rodents are a serious constraint to poor farmers in the upland and lowland farming systems of the Lao People's Democratic Republic and have been described as the pest they have least control over. To better understand these problems a baseline survey of farmers was conducted to assess their knowledge, attitudes, and practices with respect to rodent management. A structured survey was conducted in 12 villages across Luang Namtha, Luang Prabang, and Houaphan provinces. Twenty farmers from each village were interviewed (a total of 240 farmers). Farmers noted that the main factor limiting production was pests (70%), with rats identified as the most important pest (98%). The mean yield loss was estimated at 19% (range 0-100%). Trapping and rodenticides were commonly used by farmers. Farmers believed that it was important to control rats and believed that rats could only be controlled if farmers worked together. However, 65% of farmers conducted rodent control by themselves, and 92% of farmers believed that rodenticides were harmful to the environment. The main constraints identified were the high cost of some control methods and the need to get farmers to work together as a community.