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Aim: To evaluate the effect of the cranial base on the nasomaxillary complex in class II division 1 malocclusion. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on a sample of 104 Iraqi subjects in Mosul City aged 18-24 years 53 females and 51 males having class II division 1 malocclusion. Lateral and posteroanterior radiographs were taken for each subject and twenty three measurements were used (Nine angular and fourteen linear). Results of the analysis were the median (NSBa), lateral cranial base (NSCo) and saddle angle (NSAr) showed a significant effect on the inclination of the Frankfort plane from the anterior and posterior cranial base in same direction, For the saddle angle significantly affect the inclination of the Frankfort plane but in the opposite direction while on anteroposterior position of alveolar process of the premaxilla (SNPr) in the same direction. The anterior part (SN), second lateral posterior part (SCo) and depth of cranial base (NBa) significantly affect the maxillary length (ApMax-PNS), upper anterior (N-ANS) and posterior facial height (S-PNS). For the median posterior part (SBa) and first lateral posterior part (SAr) no significant effect on (upper anterior facial height). The anterior cranial base width (GL-GL) showed a significant affect [facial (Zy-Zy), maxillary (J-J) and upper intermolar width (U6-U6)]. While posterior cranial base width (Mas-Mas) was significantly affect [facial (Zy-Zy), maxillary (J-J) and nasal width (Nc-Nc)].Conclusion: The median, lateral cranial base and saddle angles showed correlation with the inclination of the Frankfort plane from the anterior and posterior cranial base. The observed impact of the cranial base widths on the nasomaxillary complex widths were for anterior cranial base width there was a significant effect on bizygomatic, bimaxillary and intermolar width

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Aim: To evaluate the effect of cranial base parameters on mandibular parameters in class II division 1 malocclusion in three dimensions. Materials and Methods: The sample consists of 103 students age range between (18-24) years, 103 students (50 males and 53 females) having class II division 1malocclusion. Lateral and posteroanterior radiographs were taken for each subject. Cranial base measurement included (five angular and seven linear measurements). Mandibular measurement included (six angular and eleven linear measurements). Descriptive statistical analysis was used to describe the data using Pentium computer using SPSS program. Results: Cranial base flexures play a role in determination of lower jaw position which represented by significant effect of cranial base angles (

The aims of the present study were to establish the cephalometric craniofacial skeletal norms of Iraqi adolescents by means of linear and angular analyses of postero-anterior and lateral cephalometric radiographs and to reveal any correlation between the variables measured.The sample consisted of 101 Iraqi adolescents (52 males and 49 females) aged 12-15 years with Class I normal occlusion. Postero-anterior and lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken for each adolescent, and twenty cephalometric radiographic measurements (6 angular, 10 linear and 4 ratio) were determined. Skeletal comparison between males and females showed that the angle of palatal plane inclination in relation to anterior cranial base (SN-PP) was significantly higher in females whereas the gonial angle (ArGo-Me) was significantly higher in males. For linear measurements, mandibular base length (Go-Gn) showed no significant sex differences.The remaining linear measure-ments showed significant sex differences with the males having higher values. All ratios showed no significant differences between males and females.