No abstract

The purpose of the study was to review the morphometric parameters of the venous vessels in human kidneys in mature, elderly, and senile ages. To study the variant anatomy and determine the morphometric characteristics of the extra-organ part of the venous vessels of the kidneys, computed tomograms in the coronal projection of 111 men and women were used. To study age-related characteristics, the most common variant of the formation of renal veins (from the superior and inferior polar vessels) was chosen, followed by the study of the frontal diameters of the renal veins and the frontal diameters of the polar veins. It was found that the mean diameters of the left and right renal veins were more prevalent in males than in females. Age-related changes in the morphometric parameters of the renal venous vessels consist in an increase in these values in the first (20-34 years) and the second (34-59 years) mature periods (at p ≤ 0.05). However, in the elderly and senile periods of ontogenesis, statistically, significant changes are generally not observed. The renal vein and the venous vessels forming it in the mature, elderly, and senile periods of ontogenesis are characterized by an asymmetry of diameters, angles of fusion of the polar vessels, and their lengths (at p≤0.05). Sex-based differences in the morphometric parameters of the renal veins and the venous vessels that form them consist in an insignificant prevalence of these parameters in males than in females.

To review zonal features of the blood supply to the kidneys and to identify the venous basins, depending on the options for the structure of the arterial and venous bed of the kidney. The study was carried out on 124 polychrome corrosive preparations of the arterial and venous systems of the human kidney. For digitization, the preparations were subjected to 3D scanning. The authors identified the zones of local blood supply to the areas of the renal parenchyma and venous drainage depending on the variants of the division of the renal artery and the fusion of the renal vein in a 3D projection in a computer program. It has been established that the features of the local regional blood supply to the kidney zones and venous outflow from its parenchyma have a dependence associated with the variants of the division of the main renal artery in the renal hilum on the 2 nd order arteries, that is, zonal arteries, A. zonal (II), which have their own quantitative and topographic characteristics in the hilum of the kidney, and later in the parenchyma of the organ, where they form the corresponding vascular basins. The structure of the vascular basins will depend on the loose or magistral types of intra-organ branching of the zonal arteries, A. zonal (II) into the arteries of the 3 rd , 4 th , etc. order. The system of venous outflow from the kidney has a similar structure, except for the absence of zones or regions of isolated venous outflow from the kidney.