Islam propounds a culture where everybody follows the rules. Islam aims to preserve peace and tranquillity within the society and thus takes all required legal action to ensure the community against disruptive elements. The notion of retribution in Islam is not the primary law of Islam. They are only imposed as a requirement or series and a vindication of the primary structure of Islamic society. Criminal activity within the revered Islamic order of society is not condoned. Islam aims to change the world by changing its human adherents. Shariah law is focused on the individual rights of persons, but those rights only exist within a framework that stresses the rights of other people. Islam is not against the relative culpability of offenders and how circumstances regulate illegal conduct. Islam is the only religion where its laws and regulations are enforced according to a particular set of laws and regulations. Islam uses a system of proportional punishment. Islamic punishments are entirely justified because Islam takes complete steps to deter crime and inculcates offenders' moral conduct. The Islamic Criminal law has accepted several crimes by offering deterrence, reformative, retaliate and other kinds of punishments to uphold harmony in the community and rehabilitate the offenders. This paper focuses on the Islamic penology and the concept of crime and their punishment and explores its social, historical, and current value

The aim of the study is to outline the legislation provided for mentally ill offenders and prisoners. Individuals suffering from mental illness are the most vulnerable segment of society, but in Pakistan, the conditions of mentally ill prisoners are very pathetic. During the arrest, prosecution, sentence, and detention, the criminal justice system of Pakistan fall short of providing adequate protection to persons with psychosocial disabilities and mental illness. The study aims to analyze the latest judgment in the Safia Bano Case, in which the Supreme court commuted the death sentence of three mentally ill prisoners on death row. The study will discuss the impact of this judgment on mentally ill prisoners undergoing trial and imprisonment. The researcher will use doctrinal research methods to analyze the relevant laws regarding the protection of the rights of the mentally ill in the criminal justice system. The International obligations of Pakistan related to mentally ill persons are also highlighted. The landmark judgments in this regard will also be analyzed along with a descriptive analysis of the conditions of such persons in Pakistan. In Pakistan, mental health is not given due importance in the normal course. The situation is detrimental in the case of mentally ill persons undergoing trial or conviction. As the mentally ill neither represent him during the trial nor the ends of justice can meet if he is undergoing imprisonment. The jurisprudence developed by the Supreme court is welcoming as it will impact the treatment of mentally ill persons significantly. It aligns with the protection of the most stigmatized and marginalized segments of society. The study will ultimately imbibe arbitrariness within the application of law and protects their rights in the long run.

In the context of ICCPR, the doctrine of the non-derogable rights is very significant in its nature keeping in view the concept of the civil and political rights. Further these tights are still available even during the time of public emergency which may threaten the life of the state parties. So the role of those bodies which have manifesto to ensure the implementation of such rights is very significant. In such scenario there is an issue that the states parties are bound to fulfill its obligations during that time of public emergency by fulfilling the conditions envisaged in the Article 4 of ICCPR. Although there are monitoring mechanism is there in the shape of the treaty bodies for the ensuring the implementation of the non-derogable rights. But not with standing that   there is dire need of some cogent and effective mechanism to monitor and supervise its execution by internationally recognized bodies which are called treaty bodies in terms of ensuring its implementation in letter and spirit as per the scheme and objective of the International covenant on civil and political rights 1966.

No abstract

Cybercrimes are increasing at a rapid pace in Pakistan. The current study explores the issue of cybercrimes in Pakistan. It aims to explore all the legislation dealing with cybercrimes in Pakistan. The study first described the cybercrimes and all those factors that are responsible for the cybercrimes. It explored all the common methods employed by criminals for cybercrimes. The study then critically evaluates the law dealing with cybercrimes in Pakistan. It analyses and evaluates the procedure of Federal Investigation Agency (FIA) which is responsible primarily for dealing with cybercrimes in Pakistan.The Population is selected from Pakistan southern area of total users online devices internet and e-commerce . Where electronically cybercrime is commend. Total sapmle size is 297. To collect data asurevy is adapted. The data will be anlysied via softwre Smart PLS. The findings of this study enhance public awareness and contribute to academic. The results are implacable to further study and useful for researchers and publically well being mission. The main addition of this resaech is to analyse the cyber crime activities that are now a days performed by mny hackerds in all over the world. Mostly in Paksitan So, this is a great advancement in research.