Thermal oxidation of 150-nm sputtered pure samarium metal film on silicon substrate has been carried out in oxygen ambient at various temperatures (600°C to 900°C) for 15 min and the effect of the oxidation temperature on the structural, chemical, and electrical properties of the resulting Sm 2 O 3 layers investigated. The crystallinity of the Sm 2 O 3 films and the existence of an interfacial layer were evaluated by x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fouriertransform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Raman analysis. The crystallite size and microstrain of Sm 2 O 3 were estimated by Williamson-Hall (W-H) plot analysis, with comparison of the former with the crystallite size of Sm 2 O 3 as calculated using the Scherrer equation. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) with energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectroscopy analysis was carried out to investigate the cross-sectional morphology and chemical distribution of selected regions. The activation energy or growth rate of each stacked layer was calculated from Arrhenius plots. The surface roughness and topography of the Sm 2 O 3 layers were examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis. A physical model based on semipolycrystalline nature of the interfacial layer is suggested and explained. Results supporting such a model were obtained by FTIR, XRD, Raman, EDX, and HRTEM analyses. Electrical characterization revealed that oxidation temperature at 700°C yielded the highest breakdown voltage, lowest leakage current density, and highest barrier height value.

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