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Background: Colorectal Adenocarcinoma contributes one of the most common malignancies and the second leading cause of death from cancer in the western world. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) belongs to a family (ErbB-tyrosine receptors), EGFR plays an important role in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. Objectives: to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) in colorectal adenocarcinoma and to correlate this expression with different clinicopathological parameters. Pateints and method: In this study clinicopathological parameters of twenty five colorectal adenocarcinoma cases diagnosed in private pathology laboratories in Baghdad /Iraq from November 2012 to September 2013 were respectively evaluated in terms of age, gender, pathological diagnosis including; tumor location, lymph node status. EGFR expression was investigated immunohistochemically. Results: twenty five colorectal cancer patients were included in this study with median age 54.5, range from (28-81)years, 15 cases (60%) were female and 10 (40%) cases were male. Tumor size range from 3-10 cm with mean 6.5 cm, 10 (40%) cases were from rectum, 7 (28%) from the right side colon & 8 (32%) cases were from from left side colon. Twenty three (92%) cases were moderately differentiated, and two (8%) cases were poorly differentiated, five (20%) cases were T1, 10 (40%) cases were T2, 5 (20%) cases were each T3 & T4 respectively. 3 (12%) cases were N1, 7 (28%) cases were N2, and fifteen (60%) cases have no lymph node involvement. Three (12%) cases with distant metastasis. Eighteen (72%) cases of colorectal adenocarcinoma demonstrate EGFR reactivity in > 1% of the tumor cells. No significant statistical correlation was noticed between EGFR expression and each of age, gender, site of the tumor and grade of tumor (P value > 0.05). A significant statistical correlation was noted between EGFR expression and local tumor invasion (T) and lymph node involvement (p value <0.05). Conclusion: Epidermal growth factor receptor plays an important role in colorectal adenocarcinoma oncogenesis. EGFR expression appears to have a value as a prognostic biomarker, since it's expression by the tumor cells is significantly correlated to lymph node involvement and tumor local invasion.

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon that often extends to involve the remainder of the large intestine in a continuous manner. Intestinal amoebiasis can present as a chronic, dysenteric syndrome of diarrhea, weight loss, and abdominal pain that can last for years and mimic ulcerative colitis.Objective: Studying the prevalence of E..histolytica by using serological method ELISA for their detection, Investigate the possible role of E.histolytica as a cause of blood, diarrhea in non-ulcerative colitis group &Comparison between serological detection of E.histolytica and stool examination.Patients and Methods: Retrospective and prospective study was conducted on 48 patients (18 males, 30 females); 30 patients were diagnosed as ulcerative colitis and 18 as non ulcerative colitis patients by endoscopy, histopathology, radiology and laboratory examinations at Gastroenterology and Hepatology Teaching Hospital through the period between January 2008 and June 2008. From all patients and control, a detailed medical history was taken; routine examination and relevant investigations were done. Blood and fresh stool specimens were collected from all patients and control. General stool examination and ELISA tests for IgG anti E.histolytica antibodies were assessed. Results: Histological typing of ulcerative colitis grouped into chronic ulcerative colitis 42 cases(86.67%) and active on chronic ulcerative colitis 6 cases (13.33%). By general stool examination, E.histolytica was positive in (70%) of ulcerative colitis (53.33% cyst and 16.67% trophozoit) and results of ELISA test for IgG anti E.histolytica antibodies was significant compared with control group (P < 0.05). General stool examination and IgG anti- E histolytica antibodies has been found that 75.8% of patients have positive IgG and cyst stage, and 77.8% were have positive IgG and trophozoit stage , while 24.2% of negative GSE results were also negative for IgG anti-E.histolytica antibodies, and the association was significantcompared with control group (P < 0.05).Conclusion: E.histolytica IgG Abs were significantly higher in ulcerative colitis compared to non ulcerative colitis group .Close association between E.histolytica and ulcerative colitis also there is a high incidence of E.histolytica among group of non ulcerative colitis patients. Sensitivity of detection of E.histolytica by ELISA and GSE is rather equal.

Introduction: Biliary atresia (BA) is a disease characterized by a biliary obstruction of unknown origin. Viral agents have been proposed in the aetiology of BA such as cytomegalovirus (CMV). This virus also considered as a one of agents that can infect the liver and cause hepatitis. The aim of this study was to determine the role of CMV in children with both chronic hepatitis (negative for hepatitis B and C) and have biliary atresia in the same time. Material and Methods: A retrospective study done on 13 liver tissue paraffin blocks of children with chronic hepatitis (negative for hepatitis B and C) and biliary atresia (extra and intra). The diagnosis was based on the presence of HCMV protein (pp65) by using immunohistochemistry. Results: Immunohistochemistry for pp65 showed the liver tissue blocks were positive for 10 cases (76.9%).The mild inflammation and moderate fibrosis were the highest among the cases. Conclusion: CMV is one of the important viruses that can causes hepatitis in infants (whom are negative for hepatitis B and C), also this virus has significant role in pathogenesis of biliary atresia.

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