No abstract

The era of closed stranger adoption is a significant part of Aotearoa New Zealand's social and colonial history; some 80,000 children were legally adopted between the years 1955-1985. Māori children constituted a considerable proportion of these legal adoptions, although little attention has been given to their experiences. The relative silence surrounding this phenomenon exists alongside narratives of colonisation and a professed abhorrence by Māori to closed adoption practice, producing a narrative discrepancy. This article aims to understand and account for some of the discrepancies in public narratives by providing an accurate historical account of engagement with the 1955 Adoption Act and its 1962 amendments from a Māori perspective, and unpacking the legal, political, social and cultural aspects from a historical experience. The complexities and nuances of settler colonialism are highlighted, as well as the effects for Māori adoptees of not being publicly and historically narratedforgotten subjects.

Closed stranger adoption has not commonly been recognised as a tool of Indigenous oppression in Aotearoa New Zealand, yet it was a colonial practice that caused great harm to Māori. This article narrates some of the ways in which adoptees who identify as Māori demonstrate resilience and resistance to the pernicious effects of closed stranger adoption. Using a mana (strengths-based values) enhancing approach, meaning we champion respect and understanding, this research elucidates how Māori adoptees navigate complex social relationships in courageous and creative ways, including when seeking birth kinship, maintaining those relationships, and making broader efforts to (re)connect with things Māori. Māori adoptees want their experiences to be recognised by Māori and non-Māori alike, so that the ongoing harms of closed stranger adoption can be redressed, and the next generations do not continue to live the negative impacts.