ResumoA fruta de Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae) possui alta aceitação no mercado tanto no consumo in natura como na forma processada, devido as suas propriedades nutritivas, sensoriais e biofuncionais. Por outro lado, apresenta uma vida útil muito curta, o que leva a produção de polpas congeladas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade antioxidante e teor de compostos fenólicos presentes na fruta da goiaba (Psidium guajava L.) verde, madura e congelada por 30 e 60 dias. As frutas foram adquiridas em supermercado no 1º estágio de maturação, depois de armazenadas à temperatura ambiente por 5 dias (madura) e levadas para congelamento por 30 e 60 dias. O conteúdo de fenóis totais foi determinado pelo método de Folin-Ciocalteau. A atividade antioxidante dos extratos foi analisada pelo método do sequestro do radical DPPH. O teor de compostos fenólicos variaram de 40,10 a 112,49 mg EAG.100g -1 , respectivamente para goiaba madura e congelada por 30 dias. A capacidade oxidante de inibir os radicais livres variou de 46,53% para congelado por 30 dias a 98,84% para goiaba madura. Todos os extratos apresentaram compostos fenólicos e boa atividade antioxidante. O consumo da goiaba deve ser estimulado pela sua propriedade funcional. Palavras-chave: Psidium guajava; compostos fenólicos; antioxidante. AbstractThe fruit of Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae) has a high market acceptance in both in natura consumption as in processed form, due to its nutritional, sensory and biofunctionals properties. On the other hand, it shows a very short life spam, leading to the production of frozen pulps. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant capacity and content of phenolic compounds present in the guava fruit (Psidium guajava L.) green, ripe, frozen for 30 to 60 days. The fruits were purchased in a grocery in the 1st stage of maturation, after stored at room temperature for 5 days (ripe) and taken to freezing for 30 to 60 days. The content of total phenols was determined by Folin-Ciocalteau method. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was analyzed by the sequestration of radical DPPH method. The content of phenolic compounds ranged from 40.10 to 112,49 mg EAG.100g -1 , respectively to mature and 30 days frozen guava. The ability to inhibit oxidative free radicals ranged from 46.53% for 30 days frozen to 98.84% for ripe guava. All phenolic compounds and extracts showed good antioxidant activity. Consumption of guava should be encouraged by their functional property.
The aim of this study was to evaluate physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant activity, total phenolic, vitamin C and anthocyanins content of grape juices from cv. Isabel submitted to different UV-C doses. The fruits were harvested, sanitized and inserted into a UV-C radiation chamber, where different doses were applied: 0 kJ/m 2 (0 minutes); 0.68 kJ/m 2 (2 minutes); 2.73 kJ/m 2 (4 minutes); 4.10 kJ/m 2 (6 minutes). The grape juice was extracted at 75±5°C for 1 hour, using an equipment with steam extraction and submitted to evaluations after 0, 30, 60 and 90 days of cold storage. No significant differences were observed in grape juices submitted to radiation doses regarding the antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds. However, the vitamin C content was affected by different UV-C doses, where there was an increase in the values of the treated fruits during storage. RESUMO-O presente trabalho teve como objetivo a caracterização físico-química, bem como a avaliação da atividade antioxidante, teor de fenólicos totais, vitamina C e antocianinas de sucos elaborados a partir de uvas cultivar Isabel submetidas a diferentes doses de radiação UV-C. Os frutos foram colhidos, sanitizados e inseridos em uma câmara de radiação UV-C, onde diferentes doses foram aplicadas: 0 KJ/m 2 (0 minutos); 0,68 KJ/m 2 (2 minutos); 2,73 KJ/m 2 (4 minutos); 4,10 KJ/m 2 (6 minutos). A elaboração dos sucos de uva foi realizada a 75º±5ºC durante 1 hora, usando um equipamento artesanal por arraste de vapor e os mesmos foram analisados após 0, 30, 60 e 90 dias de armazenamento. Os sucos de uva não apresentaram diferenças significativas com relação às doses de radiação para atividade antioxidante e compostos fenólicos. Porém, o teor de vitamina C foi afetado pelas diferentes doses, onde observou-se um aumento dos valores dos frutos tratados ao longo do armazenamento. Termos para indexação: Vitis labrusca, compostos fenólicos, vitamina C, qualidade, irradiação.
Induced defence allows plants to manage energy reserves more efficiently by synthesizing defence compounds only when needed. A risk of induced defence is that when plants are challenged by herbivores, they may suffer considerable damage before the defence is mounted. Priming can cause a state of readiness for the induction of the defence response, leading to a reduction in the damage received in an energy-efficient and less costly manner. Our objective was to verify whether seed coating with jasmonic acid (JA) and chitosan (CH) could prime plants against chewing and sap-feeding herbivores by affecting their herbivory of treated plants. We used Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata cv. Derby Day (Brassicaceae) seeds treated with JA and CH, second-instar Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), and newborn nymphs of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). We evaluated life-history, performance, and fecundity traits of the insects. Neither JA nor CH affected B. oleracea leaf area. Both JA and CH affected P. xylostella. JA reduced the mean relative growth rate of P. xylostella and led to 84% pre-imaginal mortality, whereas CH reduced oviposition. JA reduced significantly the intrinsic rate of increase in M. persicae, whereas CH did not differ from the control. Therefore, JA and CH seed coating lead to long-term defence priming in B. oleracea against chewing and sap-feeding insects.
Spodoptera frugiperda, fall armyworm, is considered as one of the main pests of corn crops. As an alternative measure to pesticides, the use of insecticidal plants, aside from protecting the environment, reduces production costs and becomes a practice of sustainable agriculture. Thus, the objective of this work was to verify the insecticidal action of aqueous leaf extracts of Eucaplyptus robusta, Mikania laevigata and leaves and fruits of Capsicum baccatum, when incorporated into artificial diet for Spodoptera frugiperda, maintained under laboratory conditions (26 ± 2°C, relative humidity of 60 ± 5% and photoperiod of 16 hours). Larval stage duration, daily mortality, weight of larvae on the 10 th day and of pupae after 24 hours were verified, as well as daily mortality of larvae. It was observed that the extracts of E. robusta and leaves of C. baccatum showed higher mortality and lower weight in the larval stage, and are promising for field tests to control this pest. KEYWORDS:Euicalyptus; Capsicum; natural insecticides; Spodoptera frugiperda. RESUMO:Spodoptera frugiperda, conhecida como lagarta-docartucho, é considerada uma das principais pragas do milho. Como medida alternativa aos agroquímicos, o uso de plantas inseticidas, além de preservar o ambiente, reduz os custos de produção e torna-se uma prática adequada para a agricultura sustentável. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a ação inseticida de extratos aquosos de folhas de eucalipto (Eucaplyptus robusta), guaco (Mikania laevigata) e folhas e frutos de pimenta (Capsicum baccatum). Os extratos a 10% foram incorporados em dieta artificial de Spodoptera frugiperda, mantidas em condições de laboratório (26 ± 2°C, umidade relativa de 60 ± 5% e fotofase de 16 horas). Foram utilizados 5 tratamentos com 4 repetições cada, sendo 15 lagartas por repetição. Avaliaram-se a duração da fase larval, mortalidade diária, peso das lagartas ao 10 o dia e das pupas após 24 horas e quantidade de machos e fêmeas. Observou-se que os extratos de E. robusta e folhas de C. baccatum resultaram em maior mortalidade e menor peso na fase larval, sendo promissores para testes em campo no controle dessa praga.
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