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An efficient and eco-friendly synthesis of imidazoles, promoted by naturally occurring acids, via condensation of benzil, aldehyde and ammonium acetate using conventional and microwave heating under solvent-free condition is described. Reactions under microwave irradiation are faster and gave slightly higher yields against conventional heating.

: Thiamine hydrochloride is reported to be highly competent promoter for the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes under solvent free conditions using microwave irradiation and ultrasonicator heating in aqueous media. Vitamin B1 is an economical, non-toxic, nonflammable and water soluble green organocatalyst. Moreover, the simple approach, easily operational, short reaction time, high yield and using a little quantity of thiamine hydrochloride makes this method an alternative approach. Present protocol is a simple and eco-friendly approach for the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes under microwave and ultrasonicator condition.

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A substituted pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized from chalcone of 3-acetyl-2,5-dimethyl thiophene with corresponding active aldehyde in microwave oven. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by TLC, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectral analysis. Pyrimidine derivative were screened for their antibacterial activity in vitro by the disk diffusion assay against two Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacteria and then the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was carried with the reference of standard drugs amoxicillin, ampicillin and ciprofloxacin. The pyrimidine derivatives shows better inhibiting action against both types of bacteria (Gram-positive and Gram-negative) compared to amoxicillin, ampicillin and ciprofloxacin standard drugs.