No abstract

Primary (spontaneous) umbilical endometriosis is very rare with an estimated incidence of 0.5-1% of all patients with endometrial ectopia. Endometriosis is a common gynecological condition, the pelvis being the most common site of the disease. Extrapelvic site is less common and even more difficult to diagnose due to the extreme variability in presentation. A 38-year-old woman presented with a blackish nodule over the umbilicus of 3 years duration. Fine needle aspiration cytology of the lesion showed cells in clusters and sheets with background of scant stromal fragment, hemosiderin laden macrophages and RBCs, leading to a suggestion of umbilical endometriosis. Histopathological examination of the excised lesion confirmed the same.

A 23-year-old woman presented to our hospital with nonspecific pain in the abdomen. She underwent radiological investigations, which revealed a solid and cystic mass in the tail end of the pancreas. The mass was diagnosed to be solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas on intraoperative scrape cytology. This was further confirmed by histopathology. The cytological diagnosis enabled appropriate surgical treatment to be planned and carried out without undue delay. It is important to distinguish this rare tumor from other pancreatic tumors with similar cytohistologic features because, if diagnosed correctly and managed surgically, this neoplasm is associated with a good prognosis.

A 50‐year‐old woman, who underwent left mastectomy 2 years ago for infiltrating ductal carcinoma, came for follow up. A routine ultrasound of the abdomen detected a lesion in the spleen, which was suspected to be an abscess/metastasis. There was no apparent involvement of other organs such as liver, bone, lungs etc. The patient underwent splenectomy and recovered without any complications. On histopathological examination, it was diagnosed to be splenic metastasis from breast carcinoma. We present this case because of the rarity of the lesion and also as a reminder to be cognizant of one of the less likely differential diagnosis of an intraparenchymal solid splenic mass.

Background: The pattern and distribution of Haematological malignancies vary depending on age, sex and geographical location. Studies on the association between Haematological cancers and ABO blood types have been largely conflicting. The objective of our study was to determine the distribution of ABO blood groups among patients with Haematological malignancies and to correlate with age and gender. Materials and Methods: This was a chart based observational descriptive study involving the review of records of 85 patients with various Haematological malignancies in Father Muller Medical College Hospital for a period of two years from July 2017- June 2019. Age, gender, malignant condition, ABO and Rh blood group were collected for each case. Data was analyzed statistically by frequency and percentage. Results: The peak age incidence for various Haematological malignancies was in the fifth and sixth decades of life with a mean age of 47.The male to female sex ratio was almost 1:1. Majority of the patients were of the O blood group and an association of O blood group with various hematological malignancies with male preponderance was noted. Altogether, Leukemias were the most common Haematological malignancy observed in this study. Conclusion: The distribution, age and sex ratio of Haematological malignancies in our study was comparable to those reported by other authors with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) being the most common Haematological malignancy in our environment. There was no significant association between Haematological cancers and ABO blood type of the patients, but probably individuals with O Rh positive blood group are more prone to