In this paper, the authors developed an approach to creating a digital twin or an electronic model of complex agricultural machinery and proposed its structure as a set of frames. It is represented by a tuple that includes: a frame describing structural composition of the technical system under consideration; a frame describing the properties that characterize it as a whole; a set of ways to determine its properties; a set of attributive characteristics; a set of parametric graphic models of elements and a set of two-dimensional drawings. Examples of digital twins of agricultural machinery are given: a combined unit for soil preparation and sowing of grain crops and a unit for cleaning and calibration of grain seeds.

No abstract

No abstract

In this paper, we present the results of engineering design of components of a grain hopper and a bucket elevator for a combined unit for soil preparation and sowing of grain crops. The grain hopper has compartments for seeds and fertilizers. A coil-type metering device is also separated for seeds and fertilizers. The drive of the metering device for seeds and fertilizers is done by the rear wheels of the rolling device through a variator, which also serves to adjust seeds supply. On the same shaft with the metering device there is a sprocket, which transmits rotation moment to the bucket elevator through a chain of PR type. Due to special design characteristics of the grain hopper shape, seeds enter the coil type metering device by gravity. A similar operation is done for fertilizers. Portions of fertilizers and seeds fall into a small tank, joint for grain and fertilizers, from where the elevator's buckets deliver them to the distribution device. Seeds and fertilizer fall on the distributing device along the tray and then on rotating cone with blades, which uniformly distribute grain and fertilizers to all drill tubes. The developed units were organically included in the design of the entire combined unit. The obtained results allowed us to distinguish the following advantages of the developed designs of the hopper and the bucket elevator: a single metering unit for all sowing machines; easy access to the main units and mechanisms and their maintainability; ease of off-season maintenance; use of a large number of typical domestically produced units and mechanisms.

In this paper, we propose the substantiation procedure of a technological complex design on the example of a seeding complex. As a result of performed research, design of the seeding complex for grain crops has been improved using non-standard devices and typical parts that provide: reduction in the time of seeding and energy consumption, possibility of using the seeding complex as a cultivator and a disk harrow. Analysis of computational research results allowed us to specify the following parameters: disc angle of 15 degrees, while the specific traction resistance of the seeding complex does not exceed 3.44 kN/m on the stubble background, and 3.19 kN/m on the fallow background. Field studies of the developed complex has shown that at the given seeding depth (with the variation ± 1cm) the accuracy is 83.5 ... 84.2 %. Optimum quantity of plants of grain crops per unit area is provided under the following conditions: bucket volume 7,2 dm3, distance between buckets 0.21 m; speed of the bucket elevator is 0.12 m/s. The proposed design of the seeding complex is recommended to be used for combining several operations: soil preparation, sowing of cereals and soil packing.