Introduction. The development of laser technologies in medicine and their introduction into everyday clinical practice determine the trend of using this type of energy in the treatment of patients with lower urinary tract symptoms caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). In the last decade, holmium laser enucleation (HoLEP) of the prostate has been claiming to be «the gold standard» in the BPH treatment. The advantages of HoLEP over alternative technologies (transurethral resection, bipolar enucleation) in the BPH treatment have been demonstrated in randomized trials. These advantages include the reduction of the patient's hospital stay, safety of manipulation and high quality of life for the patient after surgery. The use of electrical energy in resection techniques for the BPH treatment in most cases is limited by the prostate volume (80 cm3). A better understanding of the effect of laser radiation and its clinical efficacy has led to increased interest and widespread adoption of laser systems. The constant search and improvement of existing approaches encourages urologists and surgical equipment companies to research new laser systems. One type of improvement is a software update for laser pulse modulation that has been developed to improve the efficiency of laser equipment. For the further development of new laser technologies and widespread use in routine clinical practice, it is necessary to compare them with standard methods of BPH surgical treatment with an assessment of the effectiveness, as well as the pros and cons of the compared methods.Purpose of the study. To evaluate the results of laser endoscopic treatment of patients with prostatic hyperplasia.Materials and methods. The study included 50 patients with prostatic hyperplasia who underwent two different types of surgery — HoLEP (group I; n = 25) and HoLEP with MOSES (HoLEP-M) technology (group II; n = 25). Inclusion criteria were: the presence of moderate or severe obstructive symptoms of the lower urinary tract, prostate volume > 40 cm3, maximum urine flow (Q-max) < 12 ml/sec. Exclusion criteria were: the presence of cystostomy drainage, an oncological process of the urinary system, an active inflammatory process of the genitourinary system, previous surgical interventions on the urinary system. I-PSS, QoL and IIEF questionnaires data, the level of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), the maximum flow of the urine stream (Q-max) and the post-void residual volume were assessed at baseline and 3 months after the operation. The main indicators of the compared methods, the number and nature of complications were studied.Results. Both methods of laser enucleation allow achieving a good functional result with a minimum number of complications. When comparing both methods in the group II of patients who underwent HoLEP-M, there was a statistically significant difference in terms of characteristics: the time of enucleation in group I (HoLEP) — 46.7 ± 15.0 min (31 - 80) vs group II (HoLEP-M) — 38.9 ± 7.6 min (30 - 60) (p = 0.03), but this did not affect the total time of surgery (p = 0.21), the level of haemoglobin postoperative changes in group I (HoLEP) — 7.5 ± 5.4 g/l (2 - 18) vs group II (HoLEP-M) — 5.0 ± 2.9 g/l (2 - 13) (p = 0.04) and irrigation time in the postoperative period, group I (HoLEP) — 17.6 ± 3.6 h (11 - 26) vs group II — 14.0 ± 4.3 h (5 - 21) (p < 0.001). Thus, the results of the study suggest that the HoLEP with the modified pulse MOSES technology has advantages over the standard HoLEP technique. HoLEP-M allows you to perform the enucleation stage faster, with better hemostasis and minimizes the effect of the laser on the surrounding tissues. Complications above level 2 were not observed in both groups according to the Clavien-Dindo scale.Conclusion. HOLEP-M is a safe method of surgical treatment of prostatic hyperplasia from the point of view of surgical safety, efficacy, as well as the duration of the patient's recovery period and can serve as an alternative to the HoLEP standard technique.

Introduction. The pharmacological market, which is rapidly developing, as well as the appearance of combined forms of drugs, determine the trend in the conservative treatment of patients with symptoms of the lower urinary tract due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). However, simultaneous administration of drugs from several drug groups, by the patients, who are burdened with concomitant diseases (cardiovascular disease, diabetes) in certain cases, makes surgical treatment of BPH preferable and sometimes the only possible option. In this instance, the doctor’s task is to choose the optimal method of surgery that minimizes the risks of complications and provides a long-term clinical effect. The actively developing technique of endoscopic enucleation of prostate corresponds to the current needs. Various types of energies, which have appeared lately in urological practice for enucleation of the prostate, have become an attractive alternative to transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). The introduction of a bipolar technology into clinical practice has allowed to significantly expand the use of operations among elderly patients with comorbidities. Laser endourology has gone further in reducing the risks of possible complications. Currently we are witnessing a lack of research, which compares the use of modern methods with bipolar TURP (B-TURP) in elderly patients, i.e. groups with a high risk of intraoperative & postoperative complications.Purpose of the study. To compare the results of various types of BPH endoscopic surgical treatment in elderly patients (> 60 years old).Materials and methods. The study included patients who underwent three different operations treating BPH (B-TURP, B-TUEP, HoLEP) from October 2017 to September 2018. The criteria for inclusion in the study were as follows: the presence of moderate or severe obstructive symptoms of the lower urinary tract, prostate volume > 40 cm3, maximum urine flow <15 ml/s. Exclusion criteria were as follows: the presence of cystostomy drainage, the presence of the oncological process in urinary tract, active inflammatory process of urogenital system, earlier received surgical interventions on the organs of the urinary system. Each group of patients has been assessed on following criteria: International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS and QoL), international index of erectile function (IIEF-5), the dynamics of postoperative changes in prostate specific antigen (PSA), maximum flow of urine, postvoid residual urine volume, intraoperative and postoperative parameters.Results. 190 patients operated during the year were examined in the current study. Duration of operation, extent of resection, time of postoperative catheterization and duration of hospital stay rates were significantly lower in the HoLEP group. There have been no cases of complications above the 3 level by the Clavien‒Dindo scale.Conclusions. HoLEP is the preferred method of surgical treatment of prostatic hyperplasia over 40 cm3 in terms of surgical safety, efficacy, and the duration of the patient’s recovery period. This method can serve as an alternative to electrosurgical techniques in elderly patients.

The article presents an analysis of literature data on the study of the medical and economic aspects of medical, surgical and minimally invasive methods of treating patients with the lower urinary tract symptoms due to prostatic hyperplasia. It was noted that modern surgical treatment, new minimally invasive technologies have certain clinical and economic advantages in the long term compared with drug therapy in carefully selected patients with prostatic hyperplasia.

Introduction. Rapidly developing highly specialized medical care and the emergence of new medical technologies determine the trend in surgical, minimally invasive treatment of patients with lower urinary tract symptoms due to prostatic hyperplasia. Drug therapy in elderly patients with somatic diseases poses a problem of poor compliance due to pronounced side effects caused by a drug. In this group of patients, surgical treatment of prostate hyperplasia is the most preferred solution. A doctors task is to choose the optimal method of surgery which will not only provide a long-term clinical effect, but also will minimize the economic costs of both surgical intervention and the postoperative period. The emergence of various types of energies for enucleating the prostate gland in urological practice has become an attractive alternative to transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). However, when choosing surgical endoscopic intervention, it is important to consider the economic factor, which is considered to be a crucial problem in the medical care in Russia. Modern treatment options can not only prevent serious complications, and additional surgical interventions, but also improve the quality of patients lives. However, the introduction of new technologies is impossible without taking into account data on their cost-effectiveness. Purpose. To compare the results and evaluate cost-effectiveness of two types of BPH endoscopic surgical treatment (bTURP, HOLEP) in elderly patients (60 years old). Materials and methods. The study includes patients who underwent two different methods of endoscopic treatment of HPV (bTURP, HOLEP) from October 2017 to September 2018. The inclusion criteria were the presence of moderate or severe obstructive symptoms of the lower urinary tract, prostate volume 40 cm3, maximum urine flow 15 ml/sec. The exclusion criteria were the presence of cystostomy drainage, oncological process of the urinary system, active inflammatory process of the genitourinary system, previous surgical interventions on the organs of the urinary system, and symptoms of an overactive bladder. In each group of the patients the following indicators were evaluated the international system for the total assessment of prostate diseases (IPSS and QoL), the international index of erectile function, the dynamics of postoperative changes in prostate-specific antigen, the maximum urine flow, the residual volume, safety of the operation, intraoperative and postoperative economic expenses as well as socio-economic consequences. Cost-effectiveness analysis was carried out by calculating the indicators cost-effectiveness, cost-utility, net monetary benefit. 20-year prediction of the results was carried out by building the Markov chain model. Results. 150 patients operated within a year were examined. HOLEP has showed its clinical efficacy before bTURP in terms of the duration of surgery, the volume of tissue removed, the time of postoperative catheterization and the length of hospital stay which was significantly lower in the HOLEP group. However, the economic expenses associated with HOLEP were also higher compared to the bTURP group. Conclusions. Holmium laser enucleation is the preferred method for surgical treatment of prostatic hyperplasia in the prostate of more than 40 cm3, from the point of view of surgical safety, effectiveness, and also the length of the patients recovery period in elderly patients. Moreover, laser operations are considered to be economically reasonable in comorbid patients associated with a minimal risk of complications.

Acute urinary retention is a condition characterized by a sudden inability to urinate, which is accompanied by severe pain and an intense urge to urinate. The article discusses the predisposing factors for this pathological condition, the role of combined drug therapy as a method of its prevention, assessed modern methods of drainage of the lower urinary tract during acute urinary retention.