No abstract

The findings are presented here of a questionnaire survey which asked speech and language therapy managers in England about the caseloads of the therapists in their trust as regards bilingual children. The survey was the first part of a larger research project aiming to explore why there appears to be over-representation of bilingual children in speech and language therapy in some areas and under-representation in others (compared to the proportion of bilingual children in the population). This main research question is discussed in relation to the literature and to the survey aims. The results describe aspects of the context in which the speech and language therapy service for bilingual children is operating: the lack of information about bilingual children is high-lighted. The staffing and training implications of bilingual clients' distribution over therapists' caseloads in areas with different levels of minority ethnic population are also considered. The finding that the majority of speech and language therapists in England who work with children (59%) see at least one bilingual child speaks of the extent to which issues relating to bilingualism affects therapists.

Our results yield a verification tool suitable for use in industry.

Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is a widely used system and software safety analysis technique that systematically identifies failure modes of system components and explores whether these failure modes might lead to potential hazards. In practice, FMEA is typically a labor‐intensive team‐based exercise, with little tool support. This article presents our experience with automating parts of the FMEA process, using a model checker to automate the search for system‐level consequences of component failures. The idea is to inject runtime faults into a model based on the system specification and check if the resulting model violates safety requirements, specified as temporal logical formulas. This enables the safety engineer to identify if a component failure, or combination of multiple failures, can lead to a specified hazard condition. If so, the model checker produces an example of the events leading up to the hazard occurrence which the analyst can use to identify the relevant failure propagation pathways and co‐effectors. The process is applied on three medium‐sized case studies modeled with Behavior Trees. Performance metrics for SAL model checking are presented. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.