A non-motile, pale-yellow bacterium, designated strain HMD1056 T , was isolated from an artificial lake located within the campus of Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, Korea. The major fatty acids were summed feature 3 (iso-C 15 : 0 2-OH and/or C 16 : 1 v7c; 49.1 %) and iso-C 15 : 0 (22.4 %). The major respiratory quinone was MK-7. The DNA G+C content was 46.9 mol%. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain HMD1056T formed a lineage within the The genus Mucilaginibacter was proposed by Pankratov et al. In the course of a study on the microbial diversity of a mesotrophic artificial lake within the campus of Hankuk University of Foreign Studies in Yongin, Republic of Korea, pale-yellow colonies were isolated on R2A agar at 30 u C using the standard dilution plating technique. Isolate HMD1056 T was maintained on R2A agar at 30 u C and the culture was suspended in water containing 20 % glycerol (w/v) for storage at 280 u C.Almost-complete sequences of the 16S rRNA gene were obtained for strain HMD1056 T

A Gram-reaction-negative, yellow-pigmented, gliding, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterium (RA5-111T) was isolated from foreshore soil. The taxonomic status of the novel isolate was determined using a polyphasic approach. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, strain RA5-111T could be assigned to the genus Gramella, with sequence similarities of 97.7, 97.3 and 96.2 % to the type strains of Gramella echinicola, Gramella portivictoriae and Gramella marina, respectively. Chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characteristics also supported the affiliation of strain RA5-111T with the genus Gramella. The genomic DNA G+C content was 39.1 mol%. The isolate contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and a summed feature (iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and/or C16 : 1ω7c) as major fatty acids, and phosphatidylethanolamine and unknown phospholipids as the polar lipids. DNA–DNA relatedness, phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic data clearly indicate that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Gramella, for which the name Gramella gaetbulicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is RA5-111T ( = KCTC 23022T  = JCM 16528T  = NBRC 106272T).

A Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile and pink bacterial strain, designated strain GCM0142 T , was isolated from the confined seawater in the Saemangeum Tide Embankment of South Korea, and characterized using a polyphasic approach. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain GCM0142 T indicated that the isolate belonged to the phylum Bacteroidetes and exhibited similarity levels of 94.0-96.4 % to the type strains of recognized Pontibacter species. Strain GCM0142 T was oxidase-and catalase-positive. The major cellular fatty acids of the novel strain were summed feature 4 (comprising iso-C 17 : 1 I and/or anteiso-C 17 : 1 B, 36.8 %), iso-C 15 : 0 (22.3 %) and summed feature 3 (comprising C 16 : 1 v7c and/or C 16 : 1 v6c, 6.2 %). The DNA G+C content of strain GCM0142 T was 48.9 mol% and the major quinone was MK-7. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown aminolipids (AL1-2), an unknown aminophospholipid, five unknown lipids (L1-5) and an unknown glycolipid. On the basis of the evidence presented, strain GCM0142

Two Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic, marine bacteria, designated HME9321T and HME9359T, were isolated from seawater and lagoon water samples in the Republic of Korea. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two strains revealed that they belonged to the genus Lewinella within the family Saprospiraceae. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of strain HME9321T showed highest similarities with Lewinella aquimaris HDW-36T (95.2 %), Lewinella marina MKG-38T (94.7 %) and Lewinella xylanilytica 13-9-B8T (94.0 %). Strain HME9359T had highest sequence similarities with Lewinella agarilytica SST-19T (94.7 %), Lewinella persica T-3T (94.1 %) and Lewinella antarctica IMCC3223T (93.3 %). The predominant fatty acids of strain HME9321T were summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), iso-C15 : 0 and summed feature 9 (comprising iso-C16 : 0 10-methyl and/or C17 : 1ω9c) while those of strain HME9359T were summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) and iso-C15 : 0. The major isoprenoid quinone of both strains was MK-7. Strain HME9321T contained the polar lipids, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid, one unidentified phospholipid and nine unidentified polar lipids, while strain HME9359T contained phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified phospholipid and nine unidentified polar lipids. The DNA G+C contents of strains HME9321T and HME9359T were 58.7 and 62.0 mol%, respectively. Based on the results of the phenotypic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic investigation, two novel species, Lewinella maritima sp. nov. and Lewinella lacunae sp. nov. are proposed. The type strains are HME9321T (=KACC 17619T=CECT 8419T) and HME9359T (=KCTC 42187T=CECT 8679T), respectively.

A non-motile, Gram-stain-negative, yellow pigmented, rod-shaped bacterium, strain HMD3159(T), was isolated from a solar saltern in Korea. The major fatty acids were iso-C(15:0) (26.3%), iso-C(17:0) 3OH (12.1%), iso-C(16:0) (12.0%), summed feature 3 (comprising C(16:1) ω7c and/or C(16:1) ω6c; 11.0%) and summed feature 9 (iso-C17:1 ω9c and/or 10-methyl C(16:0); 10.0%). The major respiratory quinone was MK-6. The DNA G+C content was 40.9 mol%. The phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain HMD3159(T) formed a lineage within the genus Gramella and closely related to Gramella gaetbulicola (95.5% sequence similarity), Gramella portivictoriae (94.9%), Gramella echinicola (94.6%), and Gramella marina (93.6%). On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, strain HMD3159(T) represents a novel species of the genus Gramella, for which the name Gramella jeungdoensis sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is HMD3159(T) (=KCTC 32123(T) =CECT 7683(T)).