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The nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs are among the most widely prescribed and used drugs in the community for rheumatologic as well as nonrheumatologic conditions, which include acute and chronic pain; biliary, ureteric colic; dysmenorrhoea; fever; and other applications that derive from the suppression of prostaglandin synthesis. Almost all nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs irritate gastric mucosa and enhance ulceration by blocking protective action of the prostaglandins on gastric mucosa, causing ulcer formation not only in stomach but also in lower part of oesophagus and in duodenum too. This review focuses on the adverse effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, severity of these adverse effects and attempts made to reduce the side effects through the concomitant use of other drugs.

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Controlled drug release system is one of the most favourable technique of novel drug delivery system owing to its reproducibility and ease of formulation. Nanotechnology is very useful for controlling the drug release and thus improving the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the drug. The technique improves patient compliance by reducing both dose and the frequency of administration and thus minimizing the local as well as systemic toxic effects. The aim of the present research work was to formulate and evaluate gastroretentive nanoparticles of Repaglinide, an anti-diabetic drug by using the ionotropic gelation method. Repaglinide has a very short half-life of 1 hour with bioavailability 56%. Sustained release mucoadhesive nanoparticles of Repaglinide were prepared to increase the drug residence time in gastrointestinal tract and thus improving the bioavailability of drug. The mucoadhesive nanoparticles were prepared by using chitosan and sodium alginate as polymers; calcium chloride as the crosslinking agent. Different formulations were prepared with varying concentrations of chitosan and sodium alginate in order to achieve the optimum particle size and maximum encapsulation efficiency. The particle size of nanoparticles was found to be in the range of 300 nm to 756 nm. Drug encapsulation efficiency ranged between 56% to 80% with controlled drug release upto 88% in phosphate buffer pH 7.4 and 75% drug release in 0.1N HCl in 12 hrs. FT-IR and DSC studies showed that the drug and polymers were compatible. The results of swelling study and bioadhesive strength indicated that optimized formulation exhibited excellent mucoadhesive properties

Two simple, accurate and precise spectrophotometric methods have been developed for simultaneous determination of lansoprazole and domperidone in pharmaceutical dosage form. Method A involves formation of Q-absorbance equation at 256.0 nm (isoabsorptive point) and at 294.2 nm while method B is two wavelength method where 277.6 nm, 302.1 nm were selected as λ1 and λ2 for determination of lansoprazole and 231.3 nm, 292.0 nm were selected as λ1 and λ2 for determination of domperidone. Both the methods were validated statistically and recovery studies were carried out. The Beer's law limits for each drug individually and in mixture was within the concentration range of 5-50 μg/ml. Linearity of lansoprazole and domperidone were in the range of 24-36 μg/ml and 8-12 μg/ml, respectively. The proposed methods have been applied successfully to the analysis of the cited drugs either in pure form or in pharmaceutical formulations with good accuracy and precision. The method herein described can be employed for quality control and routine analysis of drugs in pharmaceutical formulations.