O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o potencial de produção de silagem a partir do reaproveitamento dos resíduos provenientes do beneficiamento do tambaqui. Os tratamentos se diferenciaram quanto à quantidade de inóculo (culturas puras da bactéria Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014), sendo de 2,5%; 5,0%; e 7,5% (v/p). O período de inoculação da silagem foi de 35 dias. Os parâmetros de pH foram T1 - 4,81±0,04; T2 - 4,91±0,06; e T3 - 4,85±0,03; para acidez titulável os percentuais de T1 - 3,43±0,03; T2 - 3,43±0,05; e T3 -3,51±0,04. Durante a avaliação centesimal da silagem biológica úmida do resíduo de tambaqui os tratamentos mostraram-se sem diferença significativa e se mantiveram próximos em relação ao resíduo in natura, enquanto que na silagem biológica desidratada as características de rendimento e físico-químicas da silagem em todos os tratamentos apresentaram resultados expressivos e de alta qualidade com PB em T1 - 32,49±0,54; T2 - 33,65±1,26; e T3 - 37,15±1,0; teor lipídico em T1 - 30,44±0,09; T2 - 36,44±4,35; e T3 - 33,92±3,65; cinzas em T1 - 15,44±0,23; T2 - 16,46±0,29; e T3 - 15,67±0,37. O desenvolvimento da silagem de pescado biológico torna-se uma alternativa para a indústria pesqueira, promovendo um destino sustentável e lucrativo aos resíduos gerados durante o processamento, constituindo uma opção de matéria-prima de qualidade para o desenvolvimento de produtos com alto valor agregado de nutrientes, com potencial para utilização na alimentação de animal.

The need to fully exploit fishing resources due to increasing production and consequent waste generation requires research to promote the sustainability of the fishing industry. Fish waste from the industry is responsible for relevant environmental contamination. However, these raw materials contain high amounts of collagen and other biomolecules, being attractive due to their industrial and biotechnological applicability. Thus, to reduce the waste from pirarucu ( Arapaima gigas ) processing, this study aimed to obtain collagen from pirarucu skin tissue. The extraction process used 0.05 M sodium hydroxide, 10% butyl alcohol, and 0.5 M acetic acid, with extraction temperature of 20°C. The obtained yield was 27.8%, and through sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), it was determined that the collagen obtained was type I. This study showed that collagen solubility was highest at pH 3 and the lowest solubility was at concentrations of 3% sodium chloride. The denaturation temperature of collagen was 38.1°C, and its intact molecular structure was observed using the Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry technique with an absorption radius of 1. The results showed that it was possible to obtain collagen from pirarucu skin at 20°C, which has the typical characteristics of commercial type I collagen. In conclusion, the procedures used may be considered to be an interesting alternative for collagen extraction, a new product obtained from the processing of fish waste.

Fibrinolytic enzymes are proteases that are capable of degrading the fibrin mesh present in blood clots and can be obtained through fungal extracts. Thus, the objective of this paper was to seek out and compare all the information regarding the production and biochemical characterization of fibrinolytic enzymes of mushroom species published in papers in the last ten years. The research was carried out in eight national and international electronic databases using the terms: “fungal enzymes”, “fibrinolytic Proteases”, “thrombosis” and “mushrooms”. The results obtained were analyzed according to each step. In the first stage, the titles and abstracts of all papers were analyzed independently; in the second stage, all papers were read and those that did not meet the inclusion criteria were excluded. Then, the remaining papers were reviewed and the data were tabulated and compared. As a result, it was found that enzymes with fibrinolytic action were obtained from eight species of mushrooms in the period of this research: P. sajor-cashew, P. ferulae, P. ostreatus, L. shimeji, A. polytricha, H. erinaceum, C. comatus and C. militaris. The enzymes were identified as protease SPPs, metalloproteases, serine proteases and serine metalloproteases. The methods used to evaluate fibrinolytic activity were the fibrin plate method and/or the formation of artificial thrombus through thrombin and fibrinogen. The molecular mass of these enzymes ranged from ~18 to 66 kDa and, for the biochemical characterization of the extracts, the pH ranged from 4.0 to 9.5 and the optimum temperature from 25 to 70 ºC. Via the review, it was observed that few articles were published on the subject in question, which made it necessary to carry out more studies to discover the biotechnological properties of mushrooms and define their applications in the most diverse sectors of industries, not only in commercial species of mushrooms, but also in native species.