The purpose of this study was to examine coping strategies as moderators of the effects of institutional racism on psychological outcomes for a sample of 283 self-identified African American men. We hypothesized that the use of strategies that have been conceptualized as adaptive (e.g., spirituality, problem-oriented coping) would influence the severity of institutional racism on psychological symptoms, such that more frequent use would be associated with less severe symptoms. Furthermore, we hypothesized that more frequent use of avoidant strategies (e.g., substance use, disengagement) would be associated with greater severity of psychological symptoms in relation to exposure to institutional racism. Moderated hierarchical regression analyses were performed to test these hypotheses. Statistically significant main effects revealed that coping strategies that involved more self-reliance were associated with greater severity in mental health symptoms. A statistically significant interaction effect was also revealed, which suggested that greater reliance on spirituality was associated with increased symptoms of interpersonal sensitivity in relation to experiences of institutional racism. Implications of the findings are discussed.

The purpose of this study was to examine the narrative of sex buyers in an unmoderated online forum. Using a feminist critical discourse analysis (FCDA) and intersectionality approach, we investigated overt and subtle ways power inequalities were present in the discourse of men who bought sex in Chicago. Four main themes emerged: (a) toxic masculinity; (b) violence against women; (c) intersectionality of sexuality, race, and age; and (d) the need to maintain the community. Our findings imply that johns’ self-described monger identity is closely associated with maintaining, perpetrating, and minimizing violence against women.

This article describes the development and initial validation of the Perceived Classism Experiences Scale (PCES), a scale created to measure experiences of classism based on the Social Class Worldview Model. In Study 1, we conducted an exploratory factor analysis on a sample of 309 participants, revealing three distinct factors: Downward Classism, Upward Classism, and Lateral Classism. In Study 2, a confirmatory factor analysis with data from a distinct sample of 341 participants provided further support for the bifactor structure of the PCES. Significant correlations with subjective social status, self-rated health, stress, state and trait anxiety, life satisfaction, and well-being further supported criterion validity of the PCES. The PCES advances on previous scales of classism, as it is theory-driven and it is not restricted to academic environments. We discuss research and practical implications of the PCES.

Much research exists demonstrating that experiences of racism are detrimental to the mental health of African Americans; however, Lewis and Van Dyke (2018) argued that examining the effects of racism alone neglects the intragroup diversity (and thus intersectional oppression) of African Americans. Thus, and given the economic oppression experienced by African Americans, the present study sought to examine the compounded effects or racism and classism on African Americans' mental health. African American participants (N = 113) were recruited from an online crowdsourcing platform. A multivariate multiple regression was performed to examine the effects of racism, classism, and the interaction of racism and classism on depression, stress, and well-being. After controlling for gender, age, and employment status, classism, but not racism, was significantly related to stress, well-being, and depression. The interaction effect of racism and classism was also significantly related to stress and well-being, with participants endorsing more of both racism and classism reporting better mental health outcomes, consistent with the resilience (rather than the greater risk) perspective. Findings suggested that experiences of classism are detrimental to the mental health and well-being of African Americans, but that greater experiences of both racism and classism were actually related to better, not poorer, mental health and well-being. Public Significance StatementThis study demonstrated that experiences of classism are related to greater stress and poorer well-being of African Americans, but that experiencing more of both racism and classism was actually related to less stress and better well-being, consistent with a resilience (rather than greater risk) perspective. The findings highlight the importance of understanding classism for African Americans, and the need for greater examination of intersecting experiences of discrimination and oppression.

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