The rise of online forums has benefited disabled users, who take advantage of better communications and more inclusion into society. However, even with accessibility laws that are supposed to provide disabled people the same equal access as non-disabled users, sites have erected technical barriers, such as CAPTCHAs, that prevent users from taking full advantage of site capability. This study analyzes 150 online forums to determine if sites use CAPTCHAs, and what types are used. Each variety presents accessibility problems to disabled users and the results of the research show that most sites use text-based CAPTCHAs, but rarely provide alternatives that would help users with visual disabilities. The research presents alternatives that site designers may wish to consider in order to allow more disabled users to access their sites.

Creative destruction is an economic theory of innovation popularised by Austrian economist Joseph Schumpeter. In this paper, Schumpeter's theories are used to explain how radical technological innovations in information-intensive industries are influencing the erosion of traditional industry and market boundaries leading to the emergence of new competitive business models and strategies. Developments in digital technology has resulted in new technological shifts and market linkages resulting in dilemmas for the existing incumbents in traditional industries who find themselves increasingly trapped and victims of a new innovation logic. The new value innovation logic is being driven by entrepreneurs such as Page and Brin (Google) and Jobs (Apple) who are currently in the process of revolutionising the economic structures of many industries and creating new markets and organisational business models in a gale of creative destruction reminiscent of the theories developed by Sombart and Schumpeter. This creation of new market models and their impact on established industries are explained further in the value chain evolution theory and its corollary sustaining innovation classification-scheme. These theories reinforce the view that innovators, thinking in new and radical ways, provide sustainable new market developments and earn above the average revenues compared to incumbents, whose profit pools have eroded. This paper researches and analyses the impact that Google and Apple are having upon a broad range of information-intensive industries and the strategic options of the incumbent firms in the respective traditional industries in response to this radical change. Its purpose is to provide explanations of why and how radical innovators are able to redefine the rules of the market leading to economic growth and development.Keywords: creative destruction, prosumer, monetize, incumbents, institutionalization IntroductionCreative destruction is an economic theory of innovation and progress introduced by German sociologist Sombart (2006) and developed and popularised by the Austrian economist Schumpeter. Schumpeter (1975) used the term to describe the process of transformation that accompanies radical innovation, and according to Schumpeter's vision, innovative market entry by entrepreneurs was the driving force of sustained long-term economic growth. In Schumpeter's view, this also destroyed the value of established companies that enjoyed some degree of monopoly power.Three entrepreneurs, Larry Page and Sergey Brin (the co-founders of Google) and Steve Jobs (co-founder and CEO of Apple) are currently in the process of revolutionising the economic structures of many industries and creating new markets and organisational business models in a gale of creative destruction reminiscent of Nigel Walton, MBA, Dip. M., BA (Hons), Worcester Business School, University of Worcester. Klaus Oestreicher, Ph.D., Worcester Business school, University of Worcester. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Nigel Walt...

The emergence of new radical technologies demands innovative answers of an established industry. With reference to the threat of obsolescence, research in the Home Entertainment Industry's innovation strategies presents a paradigm, which suggests that due to path-dependence, this particular industry suffers from a lock-in effect in its core technology, which is enhanced by deep roots in monocultures of product, infrastructure and client base. Long-term research argues that these three causes effect a holistic lock-in, globally expressed in declining demand. Industrial experts expect the obsolescence of the manufacturing part of this industry in the near future. The conclusion is that the path-dependent innovations made are too marginal for survival on radically changing markets.