Avec la diminution progressive des surfaces pâturables liée à une multitude de facteurs dont le surpâturage, les aléas climatiques doublés des diverses activités anthropiques, l'élevage des ruminants se tourne de plus en plus vers la production fourragère afin d'assurer aux animaux une alimentation convenable et continue. Le but de cette étude est d'établir un état des lieux des pratiques de production et d'exploitation de fourrage effectuées par les éleveurs au Togo. A cet effet, 133 unités d'élevage de ruminants régulièrement suivies par l'Institut de Conseil et d'Appui Technique (ICAT), ont été enquêtées puis suivies pendant deux ans. Des résultats obtenus, il ressort que les espèces Gliricidia sepium, Panicum maximum et Leucaena leucocephala sont les fourrages les plus utilisés dans des proportions respectives de 92, 78 et 51%. Aussi, l'utilisation des espèces fourragères dans l'installation des clôtures de maisons et d'habitats pour animaux, l'installation définitive de parcelle fourragère ainsi que l'insertion de la production fourragère dans la rotation culturale sont trois modes de production fourragère identifiés aux taux respectifs de 48, 31 et 15%. Par ailleurs, l'affouragement au parc et la conduite sur parcelle fourragère sont essentiellement les deux méthodes d'exploitation des fourrages produits dans des proportions respectives de 62 et 37%.
Objectives: Livestock production systems in Togo are still dependent on availability of natural vegetation for livestock feed. The present study aims at characterizing grazed vegetation of the Plateau Region. More specifically, the aim is to inventory forage species and analyze their diversity. Methodology: In order to characterize the grazed plant communities of the zone, phytosociological surveys were carried out at six sites, namely: Nyidové and Djamakondji (Agou), Dalia (Haho), Tchella (Ogou), Onè (Amou) and Mempeassem (Danyi). A total of 140 plots (10mx10m), twenty per site, were installed and investigated using the Braun-Blanquet method. Ecological parameters (bush fires, grazing, biomass removal, etc.) are the main factors responsible for the loss of forage diversity and degradation of plant cover on the sites. Abstract: A total of 87 species were inventoried, mainly in the families Asteraceae, Poaceae, Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Rubiaceae. Among the species identified, the most palatable are Panicum maximum (Poaceae), Centrosema pubescens (Fabaceae) and Sporobolus pyramidalis (Poaceae).The palatability index of available vegetation varies from site to site. It is low (IS<4) on two of the sites without good grasses or legumes (Dalia and Tchella) and average (IS<5) on the other sites with good quality. As for biological families, the most represented are Asteraceae, Poaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, etc. Mesophanerophytes, champhytes, therophytes, microphanerophytes, nanophanerophytes and hemicryptophytes are the most predominant biological life forms while pantropicals are more represented in Dalia (40%) and Tchella (49%). Chromolaena odorata (92.85%), Imperata cylindrica (78.57%), Tridax procumbens (64.28%) non-consumed invasive species are very much represented and reflect the state of degradation of grazed vegetations. Conclusion: The results of this study will be used for pastoral management work in the area.
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