The novel synthesis method of phenol type benzo-15-crown-5 ether resin was proposed. The chemical bonding of benzo-crown ether and phenol was succeeded by using hexamethylenetetramine and trichloroacetic acid as the condensing agent and solvent, respectively. The control of the diameter and shape of resin was also succeeded by using the high porous silica beads support. The isotope fractionation by chromatography using the synthesized resin was confirmed. The lighter isotope was disproportionately located in the crown ether resin. The separation coefficient, ", in the present system was 0.033.

The novel synthesis method of phenol type benzo-15-crown-5 ether resin was proposed. The chemical bonding of benzo-crown ether and phenol was succeeded by using hexamethylenetetramine and trichloroacetic acid as the condensing agent and solvent, respectively. The control of the diameter and shape of resin was also succeeded by using the high porous silica beads support. The isotope fractionation by chromatography using the synthesized resin was confirmed. The lighter isotope was disproportionately located in the crown ether resin. The separation coefficient, ", in the present system was 0.033.

The anionic polymerizations of novel methoxy-substituted divinylbenzenes possessing nonequivalent vinyl groups, such as 2-methoxy-1,4-divinylbenzene (1), 4-methoxy-1,2-divinylbenzene (2), and 4-methoxy-1,3-divinylbenzene (3), are carried out with oligo(α-methylstyryl) lithium (αMSLi) in the presence of potassium tert-butoxide (tBuOK) in tetrahydrofuran at −78 °C. The poly(1)-poly(3) obtained with αMSLi/tBuOK are completely soluble and possess predicted molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions (MWD) (M w /M n < 1.1). On the other hand, the corresponding symmetrical divinylbenzenes, 2-methoxy-1,3-divinylbenzene (4) and 5-methoxy-1,3-divinylbenzene (5), undergo anionic polymerization to afford polymers with broad MWDs, indicating the occurrence of a serious intermolecular side reaction. The stability of the propagating carbanion derived from 1-3 is demonstrated by the quantitative efficiency of the sequential copolymerization with tert-butyl methacrylate. The chemical structure of the repeating unit of poly (1)-poly(3) is characterized by the 1 H and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance measurements, suggesting that the polymerization of asymmetrical divinylbenzenes, 1-3, proceeds mainly on one of the nonequivalent vinyl groups. The electronic and steric effects of the electrondonating methoxy group play important roles in realizing the living anionic polymerization of these divinylbenzenes. The resulting poly(1)-poly(3) show a thermal cross-linking property over 300 °C, indicating the reactivity of the residual pendant vinyl group in each repeating unit.

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is classified into several disease groups. Among them, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has higher incidence and poor prognosis; therefore, it is important to characterize specific IPF symptoms. Exercise desaturation is a strong factor related to mortality in patients with ILD. Thus, the purpose of this study was to compare the degree of oxygen desaturation between IPF and other ILD (non-IPF ILD) patients during exercise, using the 6-minute walk test (6MWT). Methods: This retrospective study included 126 stable patients with ILD who underwent 6MWT in our outpatient department. The 6MWT was used to assess desaturation during exercise, 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), and dyspnea at the end of exercise. In addition, patient characteristics and pulmonary function test results were recorded. Results: Study subjects were divided into 51 IPF patients and 75 non-IPF ILD patients. The IPF group had significantly lower nadir oxygen saturation determined by pulse oximetry (SpO 2 ) during 6MWT than the non-IPF ILD group (IPF, 86.5 ± 4.6%; non-IPF ILD, 88.7 ± 5.3%; p = 0.02). The significant association between the nadir SpO 2 and IPF or non-IPF ILD grouping remained even after adjusting for gender, age, body mass index, lung function, 6MWD, and dyspnea (β β = −1.62; p <0.05). Conclusion: Even after adjusting for confounding factors, IPF patients had lower nadir SpO 2 during 6MWT. Early assessment of exercise desaturation using the 6MWT may be more important in patients with IPF compared with patients with other ILDs.

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