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Hydrous gallium(III) oxide was produced as monodispersed spherical particles by forced hydrolysis in the presence of sulfate ions, though they partially dissolved and recrystallized. The rate of the reaction degree was empirically expressed under the given conditions as dα⁄dt=1.60α2⁄3(1−α)0.874, where α is the reaction degree. Polymeric hydroxo complexes were confirmed to act as precursors of the monodispersed spherical particles, judging from the fractional changes of the monomeric and polymeric species during the hydrolysis. The role of sulfate ions in the formation of hydrous gallium(III) oxide particles was discussed.

Oral presentation at the Autumn Meeting of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries on Oct. 18, 1980 (Fukuoka). Abstract No. 407.

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Background: Convexity dural arteriovenous fistulae (dAVF) usually reflux into cortical veins without involving the venous sinuses. Although direct drainage ligation is curative, transarterial embolization (TAE) may be an alternative treatment. Case Description: Between September 2018 and January 2021, we encountered four patients with convexity dAVFs. They were three males and one female; their age ranged from 36 to 73 years. The initial symptom was headache (n = 1) or seizure (n = 2); one patient was asymptomatic. In all patients, the feeders were external carotid arteries with drainage into the cortical veins; in two patients, there was pial arterial supply from the middle cerebral artery. All patients were successfully treated by TAE alone using either Onyx or N-butyl cyanoacrylate embolization. Two patients required two sessions. All dAVFs were completely occluded and follow-up MRI or angiograms confirmed no recurrence. Conclusion: Our small series suggests that TAE with a liquid embolic material is an appropriate first-line treatment in patients with convexity dAVFs with or without pial arterial supply.