The Formation Process of Hydrous Gallium(III) Oxide Particles Obtained by Hydrolysis at Elevated Temperatures

Hamada, Shuichi; Bando, Koji; Kudo, Yoshihisa

doi:10.1246/bcsj.59.2063

Cited by 30 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Hamada et al 5 reported the formation of monodispersed GaO(OH) particles with diameter of ¾100 nm in the presence of sulphate by hydrolysis at elevated temperatures. Avivi et al 6 prepared scroll-like cylindrical layered GaO(OH) crystals with small amount of metallic Ga enclosed inside, via a sonochemical reaction.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Raman spectroscopy and characterisation of α‐gallium oxyhydroxide and β‐gallium oxide nanorods

Zhao

Frost

2008

J Raman Spectroscopy

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Raman spectroscopy complemented by infrared spectroscopy was used to characterise both gallium oxyhydroxide (a-GaO(OH)) and gallium oxide (b-Ga 2 O 3 ) nanorods synthesised with and without the surfactants using a soft chemical methodology at low temperatures. Nano-to micro-sized gallium oxyhydroxide and gallium oxide materials were characterised and analysed by both X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Rod-like GaO(OH) crystals with average length of ∼2.5 µm and width of 1.5 µm were obtained. Upon thermally treating gallium oxyhydroxide GaO(OH) to 900°C, b-Ga 2 O 3 was synthesised retaining the initial GaO(OH) morphology. Raman spectroscopy has been used to study the structure of nanorods of GaO(OH) and Ga 2 O 3 crystals. Raman spectroscopy shows bands characteristic of GaO(OH) at 950 and ∼1000 cm−1 attributed to Ga-OH deformation modes. Bands at 261, 275, 433 and 522 cm −1 are assigned to vibrational modes involving Ga-OH units. Bands observed at 320, 346, 418 and 472 cm −1 are assigned to the deformation modes of Ga 2 O 6 octahedra. Two sharp infrared bands at 2948 and 2916 cm −1 are attributed to the GaO(OH) symmetric stretching vibrations. Raman spectroscopy of Ga 2 O 3 provides bands at 630, 656 and 767 cm −1 which are assigned to the bending and stretching of GaO 4 units. Raman bands at 417 and 475 cm −1 are attributed to the symmetric stretching modes of GaO 2 units. The Raman bands at 319 and 347 cm −1 are assigned to the bending modes of GaO 2 units.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Raman spectroscopy and characterisation of α‐gallium oxyhydroxide and β‐gallium oxide nanorods

Zhao

Frost

2008

J Raman Spectroscopy

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“…Hamada et al 14 reported formation of monodispersed GaO(OH) particles with adiameter of ∼100 nm in the presence of sulfate by hydrolysis at elevated temperatures. Avivi et al 15 prepared scroll-like cylindrical layered GaO(OH) crystals with a small amount of metallic Ga enclosed inside via a sonochemical reaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size and Morphology Control of Gallium Oxide Hydroxide GaO(OH), Nano- to Micro-Sized Particles by Soft-Chemistry Route without Surfactant

et al. 2008

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Micro- to nano-sized GaOOH nanorods and particles were prepared under varying hydrothermal conditions without any surfactant and additive using gallium nitrate and sodium hydroxide as starting materials. The combination of X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), small area electron diffraction (SAED), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), and FT-IR was employed to characterize the resulting gallium oxide hydroxide nanorods. Detailed results and the possible growth mechanism are presented.

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“…1 -4 A limited number of research papers have been published on the synthesis of one-dimensional GaO(OH) nanostructures through hydrothermal processes. Hamada et al 5 reported the formation of monodispersed GaO(OH) particles with diameter of ¾100 nm in the presence of sulphate by hydrolysis at elevated temperatures. Avivi et al 6 prepared via a sonochemical reaction scroll-like cylindrical-layered GaO(OH) crystals with small amounts of metallic Ga enclosed inside.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman spectroscopy of the transition of α‐gallium oxyhydroxide to β‐gallium oxide nanorods

Zhao

Yang

Frost

2008

J Raman Spectroscopy

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The thermo-Raman spectra of synthesised a-gallium oxyhydroxide nanorod prove that the transition of a-gallium oxyhydroxide to b-gallium oxide nanorods occurs above 350°C but below 400°C. Scanning electron microscopy proves that the morphology of the a-gallium oxyhydroxide nanorods is retained upon calcination to b-gallium oxide. X-ray diffraction patterns show that the nanorods are a-gallium oxyhydroxide converting upon calcination to b-gallium oxide.Intense Raman bands are observed at 190, 262, 275, 430, 520, 605, and 695 cm −1 , which undergo a red shift of ∼5 cm −1 upon heating to 350°C. Upon thermal treatment above 350°C, the Raman spectrum shows a significantly different pattern. Raman bands are observed at 155, 212, 280, 430, 570, and 685 cm −1 . The thermo-Raman spectra are in harmony with the TG and DTG patterns, which show that the reaction of a-gallium oxyhydroxide to b-gallium oxide occurs at 365°C.

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The Formation Process of Hydrous Gallium(III) Oxide Particles Obtained by Hydrolysis at Elevated Temperatures

Cited by 30 publications

References 22 publications

Raman spectroscopy and characterisation of α‐gallium oxyhydroxide and β‐gallium oxide nanorods

Raman spectroscopy and characterisation of α‐gallium oxyhydroxide and β‐gallium oxide nanorods

Size and Morphology Control of Gallium Oxide Hydroxide GaO(OH), Nano- to Micro-Sized Particles by Soft-Chemistry Route without Surfactant

Raman spectroscopy of the transition of α‐gallium oxyhydroxide to β‐gallium oxide nanorods

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