Indium-catalyzed C-S cross-coupling of aromatic and alkane thiols with aryl halides proceeds smoothly in the presence of In(OTf)(3) (10 mol %), TMEDA (20 mol %), and KOH as a base in DMSO at 135 degrees C. When this protocol was utilized, a variety of thiols could be cross-coupled with aryl halides to afford the corresponding aryl sulfides in good to excellent yields.

An efficient ligand-free C-S cross-coupling of aryl halides with aromatic/alkyl thiols has been developed using a catalytic amount of nanocrystalline indium oxide as a recyclable catalyst with KOH as the base in DMSO at 135 degrees C. A variety of aryl sulfides can be synthesized in excellent yields utilizing this protocol.

An efficient protocol was developed for the CuFe(2)O(4) nanopowder-catalyzed aryl-sulfur bond formation between aryl halide and thiol/disulfide. A variety of aryl sulfides were synthesized in impressive yields with good chemoselectivity and functional group tolerance in the presence of a catalytic amount of CuFe(2)O(4), Cs(2)CO(3) as base, in nitrogen atmosphere, under ligand-free conditions, in DMSO as solvent at 100 °C. The catalyst is air-stable, inexpensive, magnetically separable and recyclable up to four cycles.

A new, efficient and ligand-free cross-coupling reaction of aryl halides and diaryl diselenides using a catalytic amount of nanocrystalline CuO as a recyclable catalyst with KOH as the base in DMSO at 110 degrees C is reported. This protocol has been utilized for the synthesis of a variety of aryl selenides in excellent yields from the readily available aryl halides and diaryl diselenides.

A simple and efficient procedure for the synthesis of diaryl selenides has been developed by a copper ferrite nanoparticle catalyzed reaction of aryl iodides/aryl bromides with diphenyl diselenide in the presence of base and solvent at