In this study, the effect of Mougeotia nummuloides and Spirulina major on Vero cells (African green monkey kidney), C6 cells (rat brain tumor cells) and HeLa cells (human uterus carcinoma) was investigated in vitro. The antiproliferative effect of the methanol extract of M. nummuloides and S. major compared with 5-fluorourasil (5-FU) and cisplatin was tested at various concentrations using the BrdU Cell Proliferation ELISA. Both M. nummuloides and S. major extracts significantly inhibited the proliferation of Vero, HeLa and C6 cancer cell lines with IC50 and IC75 values. The M. nummuloides extract exhibited higher activity than 5-FU and cisplatin on Vero and C6 cells at high concentrations. The S. major extract revealed better antifproliferative activity than standards against Vero cells at 500 μg/mL. The compounds of methanol extracts were determined by GC-MS after the silylation process. Trehalose, monostearin and 1-monopalmitin were detected as major products in the M. nummuloides extract where as in the S. major extract; monostearin, 1-monopalmitin and hexyl alcohol were the main constituents.

diffusion method in order to determine their antimicrobial effects. The anti-cancer activities of these two algae were tested against cancerous cell lines using BrdU cell proliferation ELISA method. The inhibition of these algae ethanol and butanol extracts were tested against Vero and HeLa carcinoma cells in concentrations of 100, 250 and 500 μg/mL. Results: Anabaena circinalis (AC) and Nostoc entophytum (NE) antimicrobial properties against the tes organisms. The buffer extract obtained from AC showed the highest level of antimicrobial activity against L. monocytogenes ATCC 7644 while the buffer extract from NE displayed the highest antimicrobial activity against E. coli O 157:H7. The anti-proliferative data indicate that NE has effective anti-cancer properties. Furthermore, the results showed that cyanobacteria species were superior to DMSO and control groups in terms of anti-cancer activity in tumor cells. NE exhibited significant (p < 0.05) anti-proliferative effects at all three concentrations (100, 250, 500 μg/mL), compared to DMSO while AC exhibited significant anti-proliferative activity only at 500 μg/mL concentration (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The results indicate that extracts possess antimicrobial and antiproliferative antivities. However, further studies are required to ascertain their clinical efficacy.

The epipelic and epilithic diatoms of Balikli Spa were investigated during April and May 2003. Species of the genera Cymbella, Amphora and Gomphonema constituted the main groups, and Cymbella cymbiformis and Gomphonema olivaceum were the dominant species. Species belonging to genera Navicula and Acnanthes were less in variety. Most diatom species, with the exception of Fragilaria ulna, Cymbella silesiaca and Gomphonema parvulum, were frequent1 y found in large numbers.

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