Poverty is a major problem that is a major concern for the government. The level of disparity in urban and rural poverty is very high, however poverty in urban areas remains a national poverty alleviation challenge. This writing aims to describe the phenomenon of poverty in urban areas based on a structural-functional perspective. This research uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach. Data collection was carried out through secondary data sourced from books, journals, the internet, official documents related to poverty and structural-functional theory. The findings in this paper are that poverty in urban areas has prevented children from receiving quality education, facing difficulties in financing health care, and limited fulfillment of their needs for food, clothing and shelter. Poverty alleviation efforts must be based on the determination of the appropriate poverty line and a clear understanding (definition of poverty in local parameters) regarding the causes of the problem. The recommendations/implications of these findings are expected to contribute findings/ideas to studies of urban development in Indonesia, especially sociological studies of poverty. In addition, recommendations for regional government intervention in formulating development policies that are more pro-poor in urban areas.

In the context of the 2014 Village Law, village government intervention in agricultural development is very important in improving the welfare of village communities. This study aims to determine the intervention of the village government on agricultural development programs and to find out the opportunities and limitations of the village government in agricultural development in the village. This research uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach. This study uses Henry Bernstein's theory of agrarian political economy. Data collection was carried out through secondary data sourced from books, journals, the internet, official documents related to village government and agricultural development. Data analysis used the interactive model Miles, Huberman and Saldana. The scope of this research is limited to village government intervention in the planning and implementation of agricultural development. The findings in this study are that the change in the system from centralization to decentralization has also changed the planning of agricultural development programs in villages that are more decentralized, participatory between the community and the village government. The recommendations/implications of these findings are expected to be able to contribute findings/ideas to studies of rural development in Indonesia, particularly the role of village governments in agricultural development and a political economy perspective in agricultural development to alleviate poverty, food security, and increase the income of people in rural areas. In addition, recommendations for village government intervention in development that are more pro-poor in rural areas.