BackgroundWhen observing how people strive to achieve their goals, we can discern two main styles. Some people accomplish their goals mainly through strong will while others may need additional and compound plans to rely on. Two different modes of implemen-tation of intentional behavior are explored.Participants and procedureTwo correlational studies on young Polish adults (N = 227 and N = 516) were performed. Structural equations and modeling techniques using the partial least squares (PLS) method were used to verify the predictions.ResultsThe first investigation revealed that the intention of saving money is achieved through the mechanism of implementation inten-tion. It was found that people with a low level of action control (state-orientation) and people with a high level of action control (action-orientation) implement a similar level of saving behavior. However, they do so in different ways. Action-oriented partic-ipants also seemed to make plans, and these plans supported goal attainment, though this process did not affect behavior to the same degree as for state-oriented participants. The results are discussed, drawing on the Julius Kuhl Action Control Theory as well as its explication which is the Theory of Personality Systems Interactions.ConclusionsThe present research indicates that cognitive mechanisms may compensate for volitional deficits (planning behavior) in people with low action control, whereas in the case of people with a high level of action control their will (intensification of intentions) plays a crucial role.
Public acceptance of autonomous vehicles (AVs) is still questionable. Nevertheless, it can be influenced by proper communication strategy. Therefore, our research focuses on (1) the type of information concerning AVs that consumers seek and (2) how to communicate this technology in order to increase its acceptance. In the first study (N = 711) topic modeling showed that the most sought for information concern the communion and the agency of AVs. In the second, experimental study (N = 303) we measured the participants' fear and goal-orientation in relation to AVs. Then, after the manipulation of the AV advertisement (imbued with communal vs agentic content), technology acceptance components (perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and behavioral intention) were verified. The comparative analysis of the structural model estimates showed that the both participants' fear and goal-orientation in relation to AVs were associated much more with the acceptance components of the communal AV rather than the agentic one. Therefore, people want to know both whether AVs are communal and agentic, but they are more prone to accept a communal AV than agentic one.
The article presents three studies about saving money described as a routine behaviour and a way of life. The results underline the role of perceived risk, benefits and self-efficacy as motivational variables affecting savings and the meaning of strategies in action control that facilitate the intention to save and maintenance of saving behaviour. The mechanisms of control tested were action planning and coping with problems, monitoring of saving behaviour, maintenance of self-efficacy and its recovery after setbacks. The first study, using structural equation modelling, presents the meaning of motivational variables in the prediction of intentions and the mediating role of action control functions in explaining the relationship between intention and savings (N=227). The second study in the experimental arrangement confirms the beneficial influence of the same variables on financial decisions in unforeseen savings opportunities (N=460). The final study shows the beneficial results of a cognitive training session, which was focused on inducing motivation and raising the level of action control in the area of saving. These studies explain the motivation to save and maintenance of saving behaviours, which lead to consistent and sustainable saving actions.
Relacja efektu zbieżności z "Ja" z postawami i efektywnością promowania nowego napoju energetycznegoThe objective of the study was to verify the relation between the congruity effect between the product 'personality' image and one's self-image with the intention of purchase and valuation, in which attitudes played a mediating role. Analysis of the SEM-PLS structural model showed that the self-convergence effect influenced significantly the level of attitudes, which in turn determined the intention of purchase and willingness to pay for the product. It was shown that one's emotional attitude increased the amount of payment for a known product and decreased it for the unknown product. On the other hand, the cognitive and behavioral attitude increased the willingness to pay for the unknown product rather than the known one. The results expand the knowledge about the effect of convergence between the personality of the customer and the product image.
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