The article continues the tradition of writing scientific reviews concerning achievements in the field of pediatric gastroenterology, laid down by the leaders of Russian pediatrics and neonatology - A. V. Mazurin, N. G. Zernov, B. G. Apostolov, A. A. Baranov, V. F. Uchaykin, G. V. Rimarchuk, Yu. G. Mukhina, P. L. Shcherbakov, S. V. Belmer, I. Yu. Melnikova and others. The article discusses the origins, development and successes of modern Russian pediatric gastroenterology. Important in the diagnosis of diseases of the digestive system in children, beginning at an early age (up to 3 years), along with laboratory methods, have played methods of medical intrascopy. The main achievements in the study of diseases of the esophagus, stomach, intestines, hepatobiliary system, pancreas are analyzed. Prospects for the development of pediatric gastroenterology as an independent area of pediatrics are being advanced.

The authors consider nutritional theoretical concepts in the light of the organizational possibilities of their use in modern pediatric practice. Analysis of nutrition problems in an evolutionary aspect implies taking into account the latest achievements in molecular biology, microbiology and biotechnology. As the most important part of medicine and health care, nutrition determines the relationship of a person with the internal and external world and is the basis for the formation of the health of a growing organism. The article discusses the general problems of qualitative and quantitative changes in nutritional parameters during the formation of diseases, their prevention and treatment.

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