We present an intriguing case of an incarcerated femoral hernia containing an inflamed appendix inside the sac, also known as a De Garengeot hernia. This type of hernia is a rare occurrence that was first described in 1731 by the French surgeon René-Jacque Croissant de Garengeot. A 64-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with a painful mass in the right groin region. Following a computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen and pelvis to evaluate the mass, the diagnosis of a femoral hernia containing a strangulated appendix was established. Subsequently, a hybrid surgical approach was utilized, consisting of an open hernia repair and a laparoscopic appendectomy.

Hernias comprise a growing problem in surgical science. The most recent classification scheme for hernias emphasises on the size of defect as well as on whether it is an incisional hernia. The latter group includes complex hernias, namely hernias that can not be managed with simple surgical techniques. This can be accomplished with retromuscular repairs or the more complex anterior and posterior component separation techniques. The proposed chapter will focus on the main anatomical features and operative technique regarding the implementation of anterior and posterior component separation techniques for repairing complex abdomnial wall defects. It will serve as a guide ton the non-specialist hernia surgeon, who will benefit from a theoretcial introduction to th above-mentioned techniques.

Acute diverticulitis is a particularly common medical entity, and its frequency increases with age. The most commonly affected part of the large intestine is the sigmoid colon, while right-sided diverticulitis is very rare. Here, we report the case of a 59-year-old man who presented to the emergency department due to acute right lower quadrant abdominal pain. The patient was diagnosed with a computed tomography scan of the abdomen with intravenous contrast with right-sided diverticulitis. The patient's treatment included hydration and intravenous antibiotics (ciprofloxacin and metronidazole). After three days of hospitalization, the patient was discharged from the hospital in stable condition and without signs of inflammation. This case report demonstrates the importance of including right-sided diverticulitis in the differential diagnosis of acute right lower quadrant abdominal pain, as in most cases patients are treated conservatively without the need for surgical intervention.

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Superior mesenteric artery thrombosis is a rare incident with high mortality rate. Herein we present the case of a 65-year-old woman of Spanish origin who attended the Emergency department two days after COVID-19 vaccination with symptoms and signs of mesenteric ischemia. She proved to suffer from thick intramural thrombosis in the central part of the superior mesenteric artery on a calcific atherosclerotic plaque that caused a significant degree of narrowing of the arterial lumen. COVID-19 vaccination is considered the most probable cause. To our knowledge, this is the first such case reported in Greece.