This paper reports a study into the dependence of efficient glycerate potassium production involving glycerin and potassium hydroxide solution on the process conditions. The concentration of potassium glycerate in the resulting product has been used as a parameter of the efficient glycerate potassium production process. Glycerates of metals are applied to produce articles in the construction industry, electronics, medicine; they are employed as transesterification catalysts to obtain special fats for various purposes, as well as biodiesel fuel. In order to derive potassium glycerate, heating was applied while agitating a mixture of glycerin and potassium hydroxide. The analysis of potassium hydroxide was performed, in which the basic substance mass fraction was 85.5 %, the mass fraction of carbonate potassium – 0.9 %. The p.a.-grade glycerin was applied in this work, whose basic substance mass fraction was 99.5 %. The effect of the heating temperature of the reaction mixture on the concentration of potassium glycerate in the product has been determined. It has been shown that the rational heating temperature is 145 °C. The dependence of potassium glycerate concentration in the resulting product on the following conditions of the process has been established: a change in the molar concentration of glycerin and a reaction mixture heating duration. Such rational conditions for obtaining potassium glycerate have been defined as a molar concentration of glycerin of 60 % and a heating duration of 4 hours. The experimentally established concentration of potassium glycerate in the product under these conditions was 75.77 %. For potassium glycerate, the melting point (69 °C) and the mass fraction of moisture (0.8 %) have been determined. The results of experimental studies would make it possible to obtain potassium glycerate directly at enterprises where the glycerates of metals are used, from available raw materials, under rational conditions. The defined conditions for obtaining potassium glycerate could make it possible to efficiently utilize material and energy resources.

The processing of oil refining waste is essential from economic and environmental points of view. An important issue is the processing of soapstock to extract fatty acids, which are raw materials for various industries. The two-stage method of fatty acids obtaining from soapstock using saponification with sodium hydroxide solution and decomposition with sulfuric acid is investigated. The peculiarity of the work is the study of the influence of soapstock saponification conditions on the key efficiency indicators of fatty acid extraction: yield and neutralization number. A sample of soapstock was obtained as a result of alkaline neutralization of sunflower oil. Soapstock quality corresponds to DSTU 5033 (CAS 68952-95-4): mass fraction of total fat – 68.5 %, fatty acids – 62.6 %, neutral fat – 5.9 %. Rational saponification conditions were determined: duration (85 min.) and concentration of sodium hydroxide solution (45 %). After saponification, the soapstock was subjected to decomposition with sulfuric acid under the following conditions: temperature 90 °C, duration 40 min. Under the rational saponification conditions, the yield of fatty acids (91.8 %) and the neutralization number (187.1 mg KOH/g) were determined. The obtained fatty acids correspond to the first-grade fatty acids according to DSTU 4860 (CAS 61788-66-7). Acid indicators: mass fraction of moisture and volatile substances – 1.5 %, mass fraction of total fat – 98.0 %, cleavage depth – 69.2 % oleic acid. The use of the soapstock saponification stage before decomposition leads to an improvement in the quality indicators and an increase in the neutralization number of fatty acids by 4 %, yield – by 16.2 %. The results of the study make it possible to produce fatty acids from soapstock by two-stage technology with high yield and neutralization number

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The processes of phase formation in a fire retardant composition based on liquid glass and potassium carbonate have been investigated. The mechanism of the process has been studied. It was found that the use of potassium carbonate provides controlled gas evolution during heat treatment of the composition, as a result of which the integrity of the fire retardant coating is preserved.

The graphical dependence of the washing capacity of ethanol-containing soapstock on the concentration in an aqueous solution and the temperature of interaction with the polluted material has been determined. It is proposed to use a 40 % aqueous solution of ethanol-containing soapstock in the hand cleaning paste technology. This soapstock solution has a washing capacity of 92–98 % at the temperature of interaction with the polluted material of 25–40 °C. The regularity of the effect of the structurant content on the consistency of hand cleaning paste was investigated using an approximating polynomial. This made it possible to substantiate the effective concentration of carboxymethyl cellulose (0.4...0.6 %) and cetysltearyl alcohol (1.8...2.0 %) in the formulation. The obtained regression equation is useful for adjusting the content of structurants in the formulation, depending on the consumer's requirements for the viscosity of the developed detergent. A comparison of the quality indicators of the developed hand cleaning paste based on ethanol-containing soapstock with a sample of similar “Primaterra Automotive” commercial hand cleaning paste was carried out. The quality indicators of the developed paste are as follows: effective viscosity at 20...22 °С – 32.0 Pa∙s; foaming capacity – 23 mm, foam stability – 62.0 %; washing ability – 92.0 %. It was determined that these quality indicators do not differ significantly in the developed detergent and commercial analogue. The data obtained indicate the prospects of processing ethanol-containing soapstock into the hand cleaning paste based on natural surfactants. The developed detergent due to the content of ethanol, glycerin and hydrogen peroxide has antiseptic properties, which is a competitive advantage among analogues. Such utilization of ethanol-containing soapstock makes the process of oil neutralization environmentally safe and economically viable